{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2993772437","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2019.2954114","title":"High-Frequency Time-Lapse Seismic Spatial Autocorrelation Imaging Shallow Velocity Variations","display_name":"High-Frequency Time-Lapse Seismic Spatial Autocorrelation Imaging Shallow Velocity Variations","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2993772437","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2019.2954114","mag":"2993772437"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2019.2954114","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2019.2954114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024397951","display_name":"Fangyu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2340-3622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165733156","display_name":"University of Georgia","ror":"https://ror.org/00te3t702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cyber-Physical System, University of Georgia, Athens, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2340-3622","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyber-Physical System, University of Georgia, Athens, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053766392","display_name":"Maria Valero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8913-9604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165733156","display_name":"University of Georgia","ror":"https://ror.org/00te3t702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Valero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cyber-Physical System, University of Georgia, Athens, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8913-9604","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyber-Physical System, University of Georgia, Athens, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031110080","display_name":"Yifang Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6507-5607"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289592571","display_name":"Statewide California Earthquake Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03vhnve41","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289592571"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifang Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I1289592571"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007530002","display_name":"Wen\u2010Zhan Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8174-1772"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165733156","display_name":"University of Georgia","ror":"https://ror.org/00te3t702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"WenZhan Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cyber-Physical System, University of Georgia, Athens, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8174-1772","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyber-Physical System, University of Georgia, Athens, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3003,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53577113,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"12","first_page":"5385","last_page":"5390"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11757","display_name":"Seismic Waves and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11757","display_name":"Seismic Waves and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10271","display_name":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13018","display_name":"Seismology and Earthquake Studies","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passive-seismic","display_name":"Passive seismic","score":0.7229365110397339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.7032884359359741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambient-noise-level","display_name":"Ambient noise level","score":0.6922103762626648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismology","display_name":"Seismology","score":0.6329931616783142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-wave","display_name":"Surface wave","score":0.5552588701248169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rayleigh-wave","display_name":"Rayleigh wave","score":0.5391730070114136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-resolution","display_name":"Temporal resolution","score":0.5037564635276794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autocorrelation","display_name":"Autocorrelation","score":0.4913889467716217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismometer","display_name":"Seismometer","score":0.46138742566108704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.4323987662792206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waves-and-shallow-water","display_name":"Waves and shallow water","score":0.42703384160995483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3601698875427246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.32205358147621155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.13948023319244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.1183193027973175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09596550464630127}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780942248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048443","display_name":"Passive seismic","level":2,"score":0.7229365110397339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.7032884359359741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205312793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16002801","display_name":"Ambient noise level","level":3,"score":0.6922103762626648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.6329931616783142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84174578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889796","display_name":"Surface wave","level":2,"score":0.5552588701248169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51473458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2351144","display_name":"Rayleigh wave","level":3,"score":0.5391730070114136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119666444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5977280","display_name":"Temporal resolution","level":2,"score":0.5037564635276794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5297727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786970","display_name":"Autocorrelation","level":2,"score":0.4913889467716217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119217923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160567","display_name":"Seismometer","level":2,"score":0.46138742566108704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.4323987662792206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186348155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7975538","display_name":"Waves and shallow water","level":2,"score":0.42703384160995483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3601698875427246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.32205358147621155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.13948023319244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.1183193027973175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09596550464630127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203718221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q491713","display_name":"Sound (geography)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2019.2954114","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2019.2954114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6888691024","display_name":"CyberSEES: Type 2: Collaborative Research: Real-time Ambient Noise Seismic Imaging for Subsurface Sustainability","funder_award_id":"1663709","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307840","display_name":"Southern Company","ror":"https://ror.org/02r0g0093"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1919022719","https://openalex.org/W1969854170","https://openalex.org/W1970793477","https://openalex.org/W2021519598","https://openalex.org/W2026098781","https://openalex.org/W2047319551","https://openalex.org/W2063655376","https://openalex.org/W2084575378","https://openalex.org/W2097414315","https://openalex.org/W2105639821","https://openalex.org/W2109985662","https://openalex.org/W2114510602","https://openalex.org/W2144460865","https://openalex.org/W2172050505","https://openalex.org/W2213068418","https://openalex.org/W2256497531","https://openalex.org/W2314649904","https://openalex.org/W2396705082","https://openalex.org/W2410350305","https://openalex.org/W2513054271","https://openalex.org/W2576260021","https://openalex.org/W2622754652","https://openalex.org/W2767399675","https://openalex.org/W2890031040","https://openalex.org/W2896463081","https://openalex.org/W2898424181","https://openalex.org/W2912548023","https://openalex.org/W2938625374","https://openalex.org/W2945714335","https://openalex.org/W2947561739","https://openalex.org/W6640111077"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4392968889","https://openalex.org/W4385313170","https://openalex.org/W3197024279","https://openalex.org/W4321599449","https://openalex.org/W2038445562","https://openalex.org/W3135240064","https://openalex.org/W2084859501","https://openalex.org/W2088053453","https://openalex.org/W2091002776","https://openalex.org/W1951971702"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Shallow":[0],"velocity":[1,19,44,61,84,97,136,151],"variations":[2,98],"can":[3,103,137,145],"be":[4,11,104,138,146],"caused":[5,55],"by":[6,56,141],"different":[7],"reasons,":[8],"which":[9],"could":[10],"related":[12],"to":[13,40,51,79,100,148],"infrastructure":[14],"security.":[15],"Among":[16],"seismic-based":[17],"temporal":[18],"analysis":[20],"methods,":[21],"ambient-noise-based":[22],"spatial":[23],"autocorrelation":[24],"(SPAC)":[25],"provides":[26],"the":[27,42,59,64,68,73,81,118,131,158],"finest":[28],"shallow":[29,43],"imaging":[30],"resolution.":[31],"We":[32],"present":[33],"a":[34,86,91],"continuous":[35],"time-lapse":[36,92],"SPAC":[37,69],"(tSPAC)":[38],"approach":[39],"retrieve":[41],"variations.":[45],"In":[46],"our":[47,127],"field":[48,112],"application,":[49],"due":[50,99],"soil":[52],"moisture":[53],"changes":[54,62],"water":[57,101],"leakage,":[58],"seismic":[60,109,135,150],"over":[63],"time.":[65],"Based":[66],"on":[67],"method,":[70],"we":[71,94],"use":[72],"extracted":[74],"surface":[75],"wave":[76,83],"(Rayleigh":[77],"wave)":[78],"estimate":[80],"shear":[82],"as":[85,168],"function":[87],"of":[88,121,126],"depth.":[89],"Using":[90],"manner,":[93],"demonstrate":[95],"that":[96,130],"leakage":[102],"detected":[105],"from":[106],"passive":[107],"ambient":[108],"noise.":[110],"The":[111,124],"deployment":[113],"results":[114],"agree":[115],"well":[116],"with":[117],"ground":[119],"truth":[120],"experiment":[122],"setups.":[123],"success":[125],"study":[128],"demonstrates":[129],"in":[132],"situ":[133],"near-surface":[134],"accurately":[139],"imaged":[140],"tSPAC.":[142],"This":[143],"technique":[144],"used":[147],"monitor":[149],"change":[152],"and":[153,170],"further":[154],"investigate":[155],"not":[156],"only":[157],"fluid":[159],"saturation,":[160],"but":[161],"also":[162],"other":[163],"associated":[164],"changing":[165],"conditions,":[166],"such":[167],"stress":[169],"temperature.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-05T07:39:15.569665","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
