{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2971812723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2019.2936406","title":"Automated Surface Water Extraction Combining Sentinel-2 Imagery and OpenStreetMap Using Presence and Background Learning (PBL) Algorithm","display_name":"Automated Surface Water Extraction Combining Sentinel-2 Imagery and OpenStreetMap Using Presence and Background Learning (PBL) Algorithm","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2971812723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2019.2936406","mag":"2971812723"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2019.2936406","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2019.2936406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101530019","display_name":"Zhiqiang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3507-6078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198645480","display_name":"North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/03acrzv41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198645480"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Surveying and Geo-informatics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power , Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3507-6078","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying and Geo-informatics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power , Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198645480"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101866872","display_name":"Xinchang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3773-4898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinchang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographical Sciences Guangzhou University Guangzhou China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3773-4898","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographical Sciences Guangzhou University Guangzhou China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101541733","display_name":"Xin Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4141-1538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou,#N#China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou,#N#China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030654256","display_name":"Qinchuan Xin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1146-4874"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101675","display_name":"Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia","ror":"https://ror.org/00q2dta10","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101675","https://openalex.org/I4210103115"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103115","display_name":"Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography","ror":"https://ror.org/01a8ev928","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210103115"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinchuan Xin","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography and the Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1146-4874","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography and the Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101675","https://openalex.org/I4210103115"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070526801","display_name":"Zurui Ao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0444-8139"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zurui Ao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou,#N#China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou,#N#China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075452846","display_name":"Qiting Zuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9760-2360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiting Zuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Water Conservancy and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou China;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Water Conservancy and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100772862","display_name":"Liyan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5713-3814"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126705","display_name":"Guangzhou Urban Planning Survey & Design Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02crg7060","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126705"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liyan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangzhou Urban Planning and Design Survey Research Institute, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangzhou Urban Planning and Design Survey Research Institute, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126705"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.343,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79531004,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"10","first_page":"3784","last_page":"3798"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6558067202568054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6544314026832581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.5385156273841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.53008633852005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imaging-spectrometer","display_name":"Imaging spectrometer","score":0.5208252668380737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5041433572769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-water","display_name":"Surface water","score":0.44500023126602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3728432059288025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3486837148666382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrometer","display_name":"Spectrometer","score":0.16917401552200317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.11692440509796143}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6558067202568054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6544314026832581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5385156273841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.53008633852005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183852935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002848","display_name":"Imaging spectrometer","level":3,"score":0.5208252668380737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5041433572769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8625798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752112","display_name":"Surface water","level":2,"score":0.44500023126602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3728432059288025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3486837148666382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33390570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188463","display_name":"Spectrometer","level":2,"score":0.16917401552200317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.11692440509796143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2019.2936406","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2019.2936406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.6899999976158142,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1056656031","display_name":"\u9053\u8def\u7f51\u7ea6\u675f\u4e0b\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8f66\u8f86\u8f68\u8ff9\u6570\u636e\u538b\u7f29\u53ca\u5176\u65f6\u7a7a\u7d22\u5f15\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41971346","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2044893531","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016A030311016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4277810417","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u6a21\u5f0f\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7a7a\u95f4\u6570\u636e\u8054\u52a8\u66f4\u65b0\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41431178","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4916234390","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41875122","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5361943729","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1803241","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5441714955","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GZIT2016-A5-147","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327063","funder_display_name":"National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327063","display_name":"National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04z3map19"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509786997","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1970473112","https://openalex.org/W1982206826","https://openalex.org/W1989750313","https://openalex.org/W1995581599","https://openalex.org/W2020795785","https://openalex.org/W2035639988","https://openalex.org/W2066149844","https://openalex.org/W2066416082","https://openalex.org/W2077509829","https://openalex.org/W2090568582","https://openalex.org/W2092774531","https://openalex.org/W2101678239","https://openalex.org/W2118332032","https://openalex.org/W2123958887","https://openalex.org/W2156044350","https://openalex.org/W2173027301","https://openalex.org/W2181403436","https://openalex.org/W2192883182","https://openalex.org/W2237190528","https://openalex.org/W2238226741","https://openalex.org/W2336807904","https://openalex.org/W2346888824","https://openalex.org/W2346991786","https://openalex.org/W2408996602","https://openalex.org/W2499899645","https://openalex.org/W2529234988","https://openalex.org/W2560167313","https://openalex.org/W2572378164","https://openalex.org/W2604937949","https://openalex.org/W2612082997","https://openalex.org/W2620249041","https://openalex.org/W2623913549","https://openalex.org/W2735554880","https://openalex.org/W2749751926","https://openalex.org/W2758708146","https://openalex.org/W2766504121","https://openalex.org/W2782397440","https://openalex.org/W2787804508","https://openalex.org/W2790944589","https://openalex.org/W2793060913","https://openalex.org/W2803763010","https://openalex.org/W2804219877","https://openalex.org/W2807099899","https://openalex.org/W2886645875","https://openalex.org/W2895940107","https://openalex.org/W2910991572","https://openalex.org/W6639824700"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3193043704","https://openalex.org/W4386259002","https://openalex.org/W2040738344","https://openalex.org/W2808440986","https://openalex.org/W2005789008","https://openalex.org/W1483278562","https://openalex.org/W1971495517","https://openalex.org/W816229725","https://openalex.org/W2515368897","https://openalex.org/W1963894130"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Surface":[0],"water":[1,29,60,68,79,98,129,140,158,162,238],"bodies":[2],"play":[3],"important":[4],"roles":[5],"in":[6,151],"socioeconomic":[7],"development":[8],"and":[9,24,35,43,51,87,105,113,131,153,165,181,186,201,204,219,237],"ecosystem":[10],"balance.":[11],"The":[12,62,117,188],"fast-developing":[13],"technology":[14],"of":[15,27,78,224,235],"remote":[16,37],"sensing":[17,38],"offers":[18],"opportunities":[19],"for":[20,58,172,211,217],"the":[21,76,103,123,132,139,154,160,166,207,221],"automatic":[22],"extraction":[23,69,99,163],"dynamic":[25],"monitoring":[26],"surface":[28,59,67,97],"bodies.":[30],"Compared":[31],"with":[32],"other":[33],"medium-":[34],"low-spatial-resolution":[36],"images,":[39],"such":[40],"as":[41,122],"Landsat":[42],"MODIS,":[44],"Sentinel-2":[45,71,111,225],"imagery":[46,72,112,226],"provides":[47],"higher":[48],"spatial":[49],"resolution":[50],"revisit":[52],"frequency,":[53],"making":[54],"it":[55],"more":[56],"suitable":[57],"extraction.":[61],"existing":[63],"research":[64],"works":[65],"on":[66,75,102],"using":[70,110,146],"remain":[73],"focusing":[74],"construction":[77],"indexes,":[80],"which":[81],"is":[82,135,144,227],"easily":[83],"affected":[84],"by":[85,199],"shadows":[86,200],"built-up":[88,202],"areas.":[89],"In":[90],"this":[91],"study,":[92],"we":[93],"propose":[94],"an":[95],"automated":[96,161],"method":[100],"based":[101],"presence":[104,141],"background":[106],"learning":[107],"algorithm":[108,134],"(ASWE-PBL)":[109],"OpenStreetMap":[114],"(OSM)":[115],"data.":[116],"OSM":[118],"data":[119,125],"are":[120,170,184],"used":[121],"auxiliary":[124],"to":[126,137],"automatically":[127],"select":[128],"samples,":[130],"PBL":[133],"adopted":[136],"predict":[138],"probability.":[142],"ASWE-PBL":[143,193],"validated":[145],"six":[147],"typical":[148],"study":[149,213],"areas":[150,203,214],"China,":[152],"modified":[155],"normalized":[156],"difference":[157],"index,":[159,164],"random":[167],"forest":[168],"classifier":[169],"employed":[171],"comparison.":[173],"Moreover,":[174],"feature":[175,230],"optimization,":[176],"parameter":[177],"sensitivity,":[178],"computation":[179],"cost,":[180],"future":[182],"work":[183],"analyzed":[185],"discussed.":[187],"experimental":[189],"results":[190],"show":[191],"that":[192,220,234],"can":[194,205],"effectively":[195],"suppress":[196],"noise":[197],"caused":[198],"obtain":[206],"highest":[208],"kappa":[209],"coefficient":[210],"five":[212],"but":[215],"not":[216],"Guangzhou":[218],"ten-spectral-band":[222],"composite":[223],"a":[228],"better":[229],"combination":[231],"scheme":[232],"than":[233],"spectral":[236],"indexes.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
