{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2969415815","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2019.2925595","title":"Predicting Radiometric Effects of a Rough Sea Surface, Whitecaps, Foam, and Spray Using SURFER 2D","display_name":"Predicting Radiometric Effects of a Rough Sea Surface, Whitecaps, Foam, and Spray Using SURFER 2D","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2969415815","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2019.2925595","mag":"2969415815"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2019.2925595","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2019.2925595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040788701","display_name":"Derek Burrage","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2978-3059"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802384920","display_name":"Stennis Space Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03j9e2j92","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802384920","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Derek M. Burrage","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Oceanography, Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, MS, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2978-3059","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Oceanography, Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, MS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802384920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014987714","display_name":"Magdalena D. Anguelova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5548-0836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Magdalena D. Anguelova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Remote Sensing, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5548-0836","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Remote Sensing, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113582156","display_name":"David W. Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802384920","display_name":"Stennis Space Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03j9e2j92","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802384920","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David W. Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Oceanography, Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, MS, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Oceanography, Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, MS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802384920"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108612220","display_name":"Joel Wesson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802384920","display_name":"Stennis Space Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03j9e2j92","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802384920","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joel C. Wesson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Oceanography, Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, MS, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Oceanography, Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, MS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802384920"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7759,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73809131,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"9","first_page":"3194","last_page":"3207"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11483","display_name":"Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emissivity","display_name":"Emissivity","score":0.9236863255500793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-roughness","display_name":"Surface roughness","score":0.690151572227478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-finish","display_name":"Surface finish","score":0.5340090990066528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-difference-time-domain-method","display_name":"Finite-difference time-domain method","score":0.4622236490249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-transfer","display_name":"Radiative transfer","score":0.4473534822463989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-speed","display_name":"Wind speed","score":0.4451026916503906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/significant-wave-height","display_name":"Significant wave height","score":0.4243351221084595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.411584734916687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3499845266342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-wave","display_name":"Wind wave","score":0.34812986850738525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-physics","display_name":"Computational physics","score":0.3429797291755676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3344179391860962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.2576425075531006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.10966703295707703}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163651212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899670","display_name":"Emissivity","level":2,"score":0.9236863255500793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107365816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114817","display_name":"Surface roughness","level":2,"score":0.690151572227478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71039073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3439090","display_name":"Surface finish","level":2,"score":0.5340090990066528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184880428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417308","display_name":"Finite-difference time-domain method","level":2,"score":0.4622236490249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.4473534822463989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161067210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464943","display_name":"Wind speed","level":2,"score":0.4451026916503906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85910571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2674049","display_name":"Significant wave height","level":3,"score":0.4243351221084595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.411584734916687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3499845266342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165082838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165848","display_name":"Wind wave","level":2,"score":0.34812986850738525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.3429797291755676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3344179391860962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.2576425075531006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.10966703295707703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2019.2925595","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2019.2925595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4920516131","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0601153N","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1555286421","https://openalex.org/W1965076011","https://openalex.org/W1982129547","https://openalex.org/W2008463920","https://openalex.org/W2008471345","https://openalex.org/W2030002591","https://openalex.org/W2033667546","https://openalex.org/W2044449012","https://openalex.org/W2062358646","https://openalex.org/W2068258889","https://openalex.org/W2072858605","https://openalex.org/W2076924487","https://openalex.org/W2090843874","https://openalex.org/W2100807107","https://openalex.org/W2106812929","https://openalex.org/W2111202998","https://openalex.org/W2118725824","https://openalex.org/W2119386270","https://openalex.org/W2137252416","https://openalex.org/W2142063750","https://openalex.org/W2142636304","https://openalex.org/W2144136119","https://openalex.org/W2147548474","https://openalex.org/W2163821037","https://openalex.org/W2169395109","https://openalex.org/W2169771340","https://openalex.org/W2338249707","https://openalex.org/W2564786372","https://openalex.org/W2594784952","https://openalex.org/W2801770031","https://openalex.org/W2898077232","https://openalex.org/W2903351561","https://openalex.org/W3178492830","https://openalex.org/W4253558719","https://openalex.org/W6703626407"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2761991797","https://openalex.org/W4377090538","https://openalex.org/W590189493","https://openalex.org/W69348564","https://openalex.org/W3036209087","https://openalex.org/W1593214547","https://openalex.org/W4322209852","https://openalex.org/W2596967313","https://openalex.org/W2153288964","https://openalex.org/W2767085739"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Whitecap":[0],"(WC)":[1],"formation":[2],"due":[3],"to":[4,39,54,85,121,166],"waves":[5],"breaking":[6,56],"on":[7,174],"a":[8,78,152,177],"wind-roughened":[9],"sea":[10,133,172],"surface":[11,32,41,95,150,189],"facilitates":[12],"the":[13,21,52,67,75,87,148,156,168,184,197,203],"exchange":[14],"of":[15,51,77,93,155,171,196,205,218,239,243],"mass,":[16],"momentum,":[17],"and":[18,58,69,89,101,115,127,131,147,194,202,221,236,248],"energy":[19],"across":[20],"air-sea":[22],"interface.":[23],"While":[24],"approximate":[25],"analytical":[26],"electromagnetic":[27],"(EM)":[28],"models":[29],"paired":[30],"with":[31,241],"gravity":[33,158],"wave":[34,159],"spectra":[35],"have":[36],"been":[37],"used":[38,165],"predict":[40],"roughness":[42,68,96],"emissivity":[43,71,91,175,190,200],"enhancement,":[44],"these":[45],"methods":[46],"do":[47],"not":[48],"reveal":[49],"details":[50],"response":[53],"foam,":[55],"wave,":[57],"WC":[59,70,99],"geometry.":[60],"They":[61],"also":[62,164,251],"ignore":[63],"possible":[64],"coupling":[65],"between":[66],"effects.":[72],"We":[73],"report":[74],"application":[76],"full-wave":[79],"finite-difference":[80],"time-domain":[81],"(FDTD)":[82],"EM":[83],"model":[84,105,146,162,199],"investigate":[86,167],"separate":[88],"combined":[90],"effects":[92],"specific":[94],"profiles,":[97],"associated":[98],"fields,":[100],"overlying":[102,129],"spray.":[103],"The":[104,135,161,192,226],"solves":[106],"Maxwell's":[107],"equations":[108],"directly":[109],"for":[110,176,228,233],"an":[111],"arbitrary":[112],"free":[113],"space":[114],"dielectric":[116,123],"configuration.":[117],"It":[118],"is":[119,151,163,183],"applied":[120],"multiple":[122],"layers":[124],"representing":[125],"foam":[126,136],"spray":[128],"flat":[130],"rough":[132,149,188],"surfaces.":[134],"layer":[137],"profiles":[138],"are":[139,210,250],"adapted":[140],"from":[141],"Anguelova's":[142],"L-band":[143,208],"radiative":[144],"transfer":[145],"statistical":[153],"realization":[154],"Kudryavtsev":[157],"spectrum.":[160],"secondary":[169],"effect":[170],"state":[173],"given":[178],"mean":[179],"square":[180],"slope,":[181],"which":[182],"primary":[185],"factor":[186],"governing":[187],"enhancement.":[191],"accuracy":[193],"precision":[195],"FDTD":[198],"estimates":[201],"detectability":[204],"WCs":[206,242],"using":[207],"radiometry":[209],"assessed":[211],"under":[212],"various":[213,244],"wind":[214],"conditions,":[215],"including":[216],"those":[217],"tropical":[219],"storm":[220],"category":[222],"1":[223],"hurricane":[224],"strength.":[225],"prospects":[227],"performing":[229],"Monte":[230],"Carlo":[231],"simulations":[232,238],"stronger":[234],"winds":[235],"deterministic":[237],"breakers":[240],"void":[245],"fractions,":[246],"shapes,":[247],"scales":[249],"considered.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
