{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2953757725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2019.2922469","title":"Crop Type Identification and Mapping Using Machine Learning Algorithms and Sentinel-2 Time Series Data","display_name":"Crop Type Identification and Mapping Using Machine Learning Algorithms and Sentinel-2 Time Series Data","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2953757725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2019.2922469","mag":"2953757725"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2019.2922469","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2019.2922469","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066290284","display_name":"Siwen Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4688-2523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siwen Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067452467","display_name":"Jianjun Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0336-5764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184983240","display_name":"Northeast Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rkvz144","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184983240"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianjun Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0336-5764","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184983240"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010319474","display_name":"Tingting Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2314-9898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingting Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Drought Mitigation Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Drought Mitigation Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114210244","display_name":"Hongyan Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184983240","display_name":"Northeast Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rkvz144","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184983240"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184983240"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030787704","display_name":"Zhengxiang Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184983240","display_name":"Northeast Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rkvz144","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184983240"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengxiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184983240"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007568345","display_name":"Xiaoyi Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8651-615X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184983240","display_name":"Northeast Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rkvz144","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184983240"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyi Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184983240"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.0003,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":139,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97578638,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"9","first_page":"3295","last_page":"3306"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7431667447090149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.5927515625953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5872825980186462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5826232433319092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5798546671867371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5479030013084412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5405553579330444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-classification","display_name":"Statistical classification","score":0.5153335928916931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4066339135169983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3530406355857849}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7431667447090149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5927515625953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5872825980186462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5826232433319092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5798546671867371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5479030013084412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5405553579330444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110083411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1744628","display_name":"Statistical classification","level":2,"score":0.5153335928916931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4066339135169983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3530406355857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2019.2922469","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2019.2922469","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2401878356","display_name":"\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bd2\u6e29\u5e26\u68ee\u6797\u5bf9\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u54cd\u5e94-\u53cd\u9988-\u9884\u6d4b\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41871330","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4137789866","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2412019BJ001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4725390843","display_name":"\u5f3a\u98ce\u5e72\u6270\u4e0b\u7684\u957f\u767d\u5c71\u5bd2\u6e29\u5e26\u5c71\u5730\u690d\u88ab\u6f14\u66ff\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u6a21\u62df\u53cd\u6f14\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41571078","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8430198734","display_name":"\u547c\u4f26\u8d1d\u5c14\u8349\u539f\u690d\u88ab\u7269\u5019\u5bf9\u79ef\u96ea\u7269\u5019\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u673a\u5236\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41771450","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8513035064","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41601438","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8847376219","display_name":"\u4e1c\u5317\u632f\u5174\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u7efc\u5408\u6548\u5e94\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41630749","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G905901400","display_name":"\u4eba\u4e3a\u8349\u539f\u706b\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u8de8\u5c3a\u5ea6\u9a71\u52a8\u673a\u5236\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u54cd\u5e94\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41571489","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W600580655","https://openalex.org/W612661449","https://openalex.org/W1965825034","https://openalex.org/W1985555755","https://openalex.org/W1986072339","https://openalex.org/W1994050572","https://openalex.org/W2005164184","https://openalex.org/W2006280268","https://openalex.org/W2011010318","https://openalex.org/W2012079387","https://openalex.org/W2016852016","https://openalex.org/W2029332336","https://openalex.org/W2036003376","https://openalex.org/W2044193427","https://openalex.org/W2044465660","https://openalex.org/W2063623478","https://openalex.org/W2066724429","https://openalex.org/W2069820899","https://openalex.org/W2085831731","https://openalex.org/W2095410437","https://openalex.org/W2099507093","https://openalex.org/W2117189556","https://openalex.org/W2130632110","https://openalex.org/W2132424470","https://openalex.org/W2149197845","https://openalex.org/W2149813070","https://openalex.org/W2152414269","https://openalex.org/W2221744192","https://openalex.org/W2321514239","https://openalex.org/W2583513334","https://openalex.org/W2587456632","https://openalex.org/W2604086375","https://openalex.org/W2728388975","https://openalex.org/W2745131289","https://openalex.org/W2756543213","https://openalex.org/W2767886251","https://openalex.org/W2768533897","https://openalex.org/W2790566932","https://openalex.org/W2791592925","https://openalex.org/W2807404598","https://openalex.org/W2810559460","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W3143105502","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4384163776","https://openalex.org/W4385530001","https://openalex.org/W6681799635"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4396689146","https://openalex.org/W4200112873","https://openalex.org/W2955796858","https://openalex.org/W2004826645","https://openalex.org/W4394984040","https://openalex.org/W4401361218","https://openalex.org/W2034680797","https://openalex.org/W2967426019","https://openalex.org/W3210752578","https://openalex.org/W2990537558"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,109],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"the":[3,8,20,61,110,113,120,132],"random":[4],"forests":[5],"method":[6,25],"and":[7,17,44,73,79,93,107],"support":[9],"vector":[10],"machine":[11,13,74,114],"in":[12,54,103],"learning":[14,75,115],"are":[15,48],"explored":[16],"compared":[18],"to":[19],"traditional":[21,71,133],"statistical-based":[22],"maximum":[23],"likelihood":[24],"with":[26,119],"126":[27],"features":[28,66],"from":[29,51],"Sentinel-2A":[30,52],"images.":[31],"The":[32,56,95],"spectral":[33],"reflectance":[34],"of":[35,64,70,77,123],"12":[36],"bands,":[37],"96":[38],"texture":[39],"parameters,":[40],"7":[41],"vegetation":[42],"indices,":[43],"11":[45],"phenological":[46],"parameters":[47],"successfully":[49],"extracted":[50],"images":[53],"2017.":[55],"classification":[57,72,76,134],"result":[58,135],"shows":[59,85,136],"that":[60],"optimal":[62],"combination":[63],"13":[65],"yields":[67],"overall":[68],"accuracies":[69,138],"88.96%":[78],"98%,":[80],"respectively.":[81],"Short-wave":[82],"infrared":[83],"information":[84],"a":[86,100],"significant":[87,101],"effect":[88],"on":[89],"distinguishing":[90,104],"rice,":[91],"corn,":[92],"soybean.":[94],"water":[96],"vapor":[97],"band":[98],"plays":[99],"role":[102],"between":[105],"corn":[106],"rice.":[108],"multiclassification":[111],"problem,":[112],"methods":[116],"have":[117],"robustness":[118],"identification":[121],"accuracy":[122],"greater":[124],"than":[125],"95%":[126],"for":[127,139],"each":[128],"crop":[129],"type,":[130],"whereas":[131],"imbalanced":[137],"different":[140],"crops.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}