{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2839406202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2018.2849323","title":"An Assessment of CYGNSS Normalized Bistatic Radar Cross Section Calibration","display_name":"An Assessment of CYGNSS Normalized Bistatic Radar Cross Section Calibration","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2839406202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2018.2849323","mag":"2839406202"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2018.2849323","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2018.2849323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083526496","display_name":"Faozi Sa\u00efd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6231-8522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1308126019","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105893","display_name":"Global Science & Technology (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01a5ymr35","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105893"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133019","display_name":"NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03yn06t56","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I4210089050","https://openalex.org/I4210133019"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Faozi Said","raw_affiliation_strings":["Global Science & Technology, Inc., and the Center for Satellite Applications and Research, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6231-8522","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Science & Technology, Inc., and the Center for Satellite Applications and Research, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133019","https://openalex.org/I4210105893","https://openalex.org/I1308126019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010864619","display_name":"Zorana Jelenak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0510-2973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1308126019","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089050","display_name":"NOAA National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service","ror":"https://ror.org/007qwym43","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I4210089050"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133019","display_name":"NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03yn06t56","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I4210089050","https://openalex.org/I4210133019"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zorana Jelenak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Satellite Applications and Research, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Satellite Applications and Research, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133019","https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I4210089050"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059901615","display_name":"Paul Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5113-0938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1308126019","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089050","display_name":"NOAA National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service","ror":"https://ror.org/007qwym43","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I4210089050"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133019","display_name":"NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03yn06t56","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I4210089050","https://openalex.org/I4210133019"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul S. Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Satellite Applications and Research, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5113-0938","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Satellite Applications and Research, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133019","https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I4210089050"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075017041","display_name":"Seubson Soisuvarn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1373-8974"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91538806","display_name":"King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang","ror":"https://ror.org/055mf0v62","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91538806"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seubson Soisuvarn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Telecommunications Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1373-8974","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telecommunications Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91538806"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083526496"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I4210105893","https://openalex.org/I4210133019"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6844,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88928224,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"50","last_page":"65"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bin","display_name":"Bin","score":0.5576556921005249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4916453957557678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.4911811053752899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3556446433067322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22365912795066833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.13138744235038757}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156273044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4913766","display_name":"Bin","level":2,"score":0.5576556921005249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4916453957557678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.4911811053752899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3556446433067322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22365912795066833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.13138744235038757}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2018.2849323","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2018.2849323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2030209988","https://openalex.org/W2098639313","https://openalex.org/W2107580583","https://openalex.org/W2128120064","https://openalex.org/W2150121776","https://openalex.org/W2329472099","https://openalex.org/W2415572959","https://openalex.org/W2885395251","https://openalex.org/W2912787468","https://openalex.org/W6758891521"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4323317085","https://openalex.org/W2112907368","https://openalex.org/W2940578777","https://openalex.org/W303980170","https://openalex.org/W2351491280","https://openalex.org/W2386767533","https://openalex.org/W2371447506","https://openalex.org/W3161883658","https://openalex.org/W2376722585","https://openalex.org/W2218782003"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,251],"cyclone":[1],"global":[2],"navigation":[3],"satellite":[4],"system":[5],"(CYGNSS)":[6],"\u03c3":[7,42,65,73,91,109,142,153,179,210,224,234],"<sub":[8,43,66,74,92,110,143,154,180,211,225,235],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[9,44,67,75,93,111,144,155,181,212,226,236],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">o</sub>":[10,45,68,76,94,112,145,156,182,213,227,237],"calibration":[11,77,228],"analysis":[12,255],"is":[13],"presented":[14,257],"using":[15],"version":[16,161,198],"2.0":[17,162],"of":[18,34,49,52,56,114,253,282],"the":[19,35,50,57,85,100,115,151,160,166,205,222,269,283],"Level":[20],"1":[21],"dataset":[22],"available":[23],"on":[24,63],"PO.DAAC.":[25],"Three":[26],"separate":[27],"analyzes":[28],"are":[29],"conducted,":[30],"namely,":[31],"an":[32,47,71,97,106,201,266],"examination":[33],"specular":[36,86,101,120],"bin":[37,88,103,122],"location":[38,89,123],"(in":[39],"delay)":[40],"and":[41,70,90,129,138,176,186,194,209,261],"relationship,":[46],"investigation":[48],"impact":[51],"recently":[53],"improved":[54],"characterizations":[55],"GPS":[58,169],"effective":[59],"isotropically":[60],"radiated":[61],"power":[62],"CYGNSS":[64,259],",":[69,95,146],"intersatellite":[72,223],"analysis.":[78,229],"We":[79,274],"first":[80],"noted":[81],"a":[82,119,136],"correlation":[83,203],"between":[84,204,247],"delay":[87,102,121],"where":[96],"increase":[98,107],"in":[99,105,108,135,150,159,197,279],"resulted":[104,134],"regardless":[113],"wind":[116],"speed":[117],"level;":[118],"ranging":[124],"from":[125,130],"4.75":[126],"to":[127,132,191,242,258],"5.00":[128],"7.00":[131],"7.25":[133],"14.74":[137],"17.72":[139],"dB":[140,196,232,244],"median":[141,152,178],"respectively.":[147],"Noticeable":[148],"improvements":[149],"were":[157,183,249],"present":[158],"dataset,":[163],"when":[164],"separating":[165],"data":[167],"by":[168],"block":[170],"type:":[171],"for":[172,216],"blocks":[173],"IIR,":[174],"IIF,":[175],"IIR-M,":[177],"15.39,":[184],"15.42,":[185],"15.10":[187],"dB,":[188],"respectively":[189],"(compared":[190],"19.38,":[192],"20.53,":[193],"21.38":[195],"1.1).":[199],"Finally,":[200],"unexpected":[202],"instrument":[206],"noise":[207],"floor":[208],"was":[214,256],"observed":[215],"all":[217],"eight":[218],"observatories":[219],"while":[220],"conducting":[221],"Approximately":[230],"0-1":[231],"absolute":[233],"difference":[238],"biases":[239],"(with":[240],"up":[241],"~1":[243],"standard":[245],"deviation)":[246],"spacecrafts":[248],"observed.":[250],"report":[252],"this":[254],"scientists":[260],"engineers,":[262],"who":[263],"eventually":[264],"found":[265],"issue":[267],"with":[268],"D/A":[270],"DDM":[271],"scaling":[272],"algorithm.":[273],"expect":[275],"better":[276],"statistical":[277],"performances":[278],"future":[280],"releases":[281],"data.":[284]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}