{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2786626625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2017.2786162","title":"Surface Gradient Approach for Occlusion Detection Based on Triangulated Irregular Network for True Orthophoto Generation","display_name":"Surface Gradient Approach for Occlusion Detection Based on Triangulated Irregular Network for True Orthophoto Generation","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2786626625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2017.2786162","mag":"2786626625"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2017.2786162","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2017.2786162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://americanae.aecid.es/americanae/es/registros/registro.do?tipoRegistro=MTD&idBib=2169812","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015355360","display_name":"Henrique C\u00e2ndido de Oliveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2783-4668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181391015","display_name":"Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)","ror":"https://ror.org/04wffgt70","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henrique Candido de Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture, and Urban Planning, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2783-4668","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture, and Urban Planning, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004941832","display_name":"Aluir Porf\u00edrio Dal P\u00f3z","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2534-1229"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124356","display_name":"Hospital Regional de Presidente Prudente","ror":"https://ror.org/03xzqpb53","country_code":"BR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124356"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I879563668","display_name":"Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)","ror":"https://ror.org/00987cb86","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aluir Porfirio Dal Poz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cartography, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2534-1229","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cartography, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124356","https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011666300","display_name":"Maur\u00edcio Galo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-9960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124356","display_name":"Hospital Regional de Presidente Prudente","ror":"https://ror.org/03xzqpb53","country_code":"BR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124356"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I879563668","display_name":"Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)","ror":"https://ror.org/00987cb86","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mauricio Galo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cartography, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-9960","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cartography, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124356","https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051952251","display_name":"Ayman Habib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6498-5951"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayman Fawzy Habib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9381,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83551206,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"2","first_page":"443","last_page":"457"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthophoto","display_name":"Orthophoto","score":0.8539309501647949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triangulated-irregular-network","display_name":"Triangulated irregular network","score":0.8477034568786621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6704235076904297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.5804077982902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5704262256622314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5569467544555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-elevation-model","display_name":"Digital elevation model","score":0.23895993828773499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.20992517471313477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09213191270828247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922585","display_name":"Orthophoto","level":2,"score":0.8539309501647949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131509275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2296387","display_name":"Triangulated irregular network","level":3,"score":0.8477034568786621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6704235076904297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.5804077982902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5704262256622314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5569467544555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181843262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640492","display_name":"Digital elevation model","level":2,"score":0.23895993828773499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.20992517471313477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09213191270828247}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2017.2786162","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2017.2786162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:americanae.aecid.es:2169812","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://americanae.aecid.es/americanae/es/registros/registro.do?tipoRegistro=MTD&idBib=2169812","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400786","display_name":"Americanae (AECID Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"reponame:Reposit\u00f3rio Institucional da UNESP","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/163884","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11449/163884","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"instacron:UNESP","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:americanae.aecid.es:2169812","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://americanae.aecid.es/americanae/es/registros/registro.do?tipoRegistro=MTD&idBib=2169812","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400786","display_name":"Americanae (AECID Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"reponame:Reposit\u00f3rio Institucional da UNESP","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3572101131","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014/","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5529884753","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014/15332-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6672211649","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2013/21647-2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309036","display_name":"Purdue University","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/02ddkpn78"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325879","display_name":"Universidade Estadual Paulista","ror":"https://ror.org/00987cb86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W72547327","https://openalex.org/W128242416","https://openalex.org/W1521050458","https://openalex.org/W1550108991","https://openalex.org/W1550219794","https://openalex.org/W1921220372","https://openalex.org/W1949727416","https://openalex.org/W1971773148","https://openalex.org/W1984116104","https://openalex.org/W2009899523","https://openalex.org/W2010221273","https://openalex.org/W2090507253","https://openalex.org/W2106051475","https://openalex.org/W2123084484","https://openalex.org/W2138884818","https://openalex.org/W2141902117","https://openalex.org/W2149974664","https://openalex.org/W2153709524","https://openalex.org/W2154783526","https://openalex.org/W2160883864","https://openalex.org/W2161979821","https://openalex.org/W2165114467","https://openalex.org/W2169053171","https://openalex.org/W2489795381","https://openalex.org/W2557090742","https://openalex.org/W2575699431","https://openalex.org/W2588613660","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6602956468","https://openalex.org/W6605266769","https://openalex.org/W6610968537","https://openalex.org/W6682647903","https://openalex.org/W6683718743","https://openalex.org/W6683758412"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aerial":[0],"images":[1],"of":[2,14,20,81,103,130,144,227,233,240],"urban":[3],"areas":[4],"have":[5,30],"been":[6],"used":[7],"as":[8,178],"base":[9],"information":[10,82],"for":[11,78,112,243],"a":[12,31,36,59,109,122,150,157,161,179],"diversity":[13],"applications.":[15],"Considering":[16],"the":[17,47,67,71,79,92,95,116,131,134,142,171,176,186,190,195,216,225,231,238,241,247],"great":[18],"quantity":[19],"tall":[21],"buildings":[22],"in":[23,52,189,246],"these":[24],"areas,":[25],"it":[26,62],"is":[27,63,91,106,133,139],"important":[28],"to":[29,33,57,65,76,107,121,170],"method":[32,118],"automatically":[34],"generate":[35],"product":[37],"called":[38],"true":[39,54,60,96,248],"orthophoto":[40,97,249],"mosaic,":[41,229],"which":[42,138,166],"represents":[43,175],"all":[44],"objects":[45],"above":[46],"ground":[48],"(buildings,":[49],"bridges,":[50],"etc.)":[51],"their":[53],"location.":[55],"However,":[56],"create":[58],"orthophoto,":[61],"necessary":[64],"consider":[66],"occlusions":[68,199],"caused":[69],"by":[70,182,220],"surface":[72,145,164,177],"height":[73],"variation":[74],"and":[75,207,215,230],"compensate":[77],"lack":[80],"using":[83,203,221],"adjacent":[84],"aerial":[85],"images.":[86],"The":[87,100,128,153,173,198],"automatic":[88],"occlusion":[89,113,135,244],"detection":[90,114,136,245],"bottleneck":[93],"during":[94],"mosaic":[98],"generation.":[99,250],"main":[101],"aim":[102],"this":[104],"paper":[105],"introduce":[108,168],"new":[110],"approach":[111],"-":[115],"surface-gradient-based":[117],"(SGBM)":[119],"applied":[120],"triangulated":[123],"irregular":[124],"network":[125],"(TIN)":[126],"representation.":[127,172],"originality":[129],"SGBM":[132,174,242],"principle,":[137],"based":[140],"on":[141],"concept":[143],"gradient":[146],"behavior":[147],"analysis":[148],"over":[149],"TIN":[151],"surface.":[152],"current":[154],"methods":[155],"interpolate":[156],"point":[158,192],"cloud":[159],"into":[160,184],"gridded":[162],"digital":[163],"model,":[165],"can":[167],"artifacts":[169],"TIN-based":[180],"solid":[181],"taking":[183],"account":[185],"Delaunay":[187],"constraint":[188],"original":[191],"cloud,":[193],"avoiding":[194],"interpolation":[196],"step.":[197],"are":[200],"then":[201],"compensated":[202],"specific":[204],"cost":[205],"functions":[206],"refined":[208],"via":[209],"color":[210],"blending.":[211],"Experiments":[212],"were":[213,218],"performed":[214],"results":[217,236],"assessed":[219],"quality":[222],"indicators":[223],"(completeness),":[224],"consistency":[226],"orthoimage":[228],"time":[232],"processing.":[234],"Experimental":[235],"demonstrated":[237],"feasibility":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2018-02-23T00:00:00"}
