{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2774571784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2017.2774807","title":"Image Classification Using RapidEye Data: Integration of Spectral and Textual Features in a Random Forest Classifier","display_name":"Image Classification Using RapidEye Data: Integration of Spectral and Textual Features in a Random Forest Classifier","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2774571784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2017.2774807","mag":"2774571784"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2017.2774807","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2017.2774807","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059183517","display_name":"Huanxue Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9579-8849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331897569","display_name":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/051dzs374","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331897569","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28006308","display_name":"Shandong Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wy3h363","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CA","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huanxue Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China","Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9579-8849","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331897569"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074689068","display_name":"Qiangzi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5985-6829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128053","display_name":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth","ror":"https://ror.org/02cjszf03","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128053"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiangzi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128053"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013691730","display_name":"Jiangui Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3560-4034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331897569","display_name":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/051dzs374","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331897569","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangui Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331897569"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jiali Shang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0203-295X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331897569","display_name":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/051dzs374","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331897569","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiali Shang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0203-295X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331897569"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101675305","display_name":"Xin Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0166-4450"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128053","display_name":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth","ror":"https://ror.org/02cjszf03","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128053"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128053"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040448854","display_name":"Heather McNairn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1006-0018"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331897569","display_name":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/051dzs374","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331897569","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heather McNairn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331897569"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048167917","display_name":"Catherine Champagne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0453-5673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331897569","display_name":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/051dzs374","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331897569","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catherine Champagne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331897569"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100753295","display_name":"Taifeng Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0203-295X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331897569","display_name":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/051dzs374","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331897569","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taifeng Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331897569"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083843412","display_name":"Mingxu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1419-1990"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107285","display_name":"Jiangsu Provincial Water Survey & Design Institute (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/01gpm9f56","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107285"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingxu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong Survey and Design Institute of Water Conservancy, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Survey and Design Institute of Water Conservancy, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107285"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5834,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92883794,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"12","first_page":"5334","last_page":"5349"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9822999835014343,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.7257651686668396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.690842866897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6464619636535645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.6301372051239014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/red-edge","display_name":"Red edge","score":0.6170854568481445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.5672075152397156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.56487637758255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-bands","display_name":"Spectral bands","score":0.5448300242424011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","score":0.536684513092041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5106657147407532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47045767307281494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-pattern-recognition","display_name":"Multispectral pattern recognition","score":0.4681461453437805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectivity","display_name":"Reflectivity","score":0.4547604024410248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4212581515312195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.4209882318973541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-classification","display_name":"Statistical classification","score":0.413160115480423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3857293725013733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.34662187099456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.22674766182899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.1713123321533203}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.7257651686668396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.690842866897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6464619636535645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.6301372051239014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776388979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3422640","display_name":"Red edge","level":3,"score":0.6170854568481445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.5672075152397156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.56487637758255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114700698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2882278","display_name":"Spectral bands","level":2,"score":0.5448300242424011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.536684513092041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5106657147407532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47045767307281494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104541649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6935090","display_name":"Multispectral pattern recognition","level":3,"score":0.4681461453437805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.4547604024410248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4212581515312195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.4209882318973541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110083411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1744628","display_name":"Statistical classification","level":2,"score":0.413160115480423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3857293725013733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34662187099456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.22674766182899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.1713123321533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2017.2774807","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2017.2774807","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2067966747","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201504910536","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5000640775","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41301497","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7810430020","display_name":"\u519c\u4f5c\u7269\u9065\u611f\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u591a\u5143\u6307\u793a\u6027\u8bc6\u522b\u7279\u5f81\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41571422","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334595","display_name":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/051dzs374"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41723423","https://openalex.org/W304588416","https://openalex.org/W811118281","https://openalex.org/W1534477342","https://openalex.org/W1566319450","https://openalex.org/W1594031697","https://openalex.org/W1964050442","https://openalex.org/W1967214758","https://openalex.org/W1981755063","https://openalex.org/W1982048960","https://openalex.org/W1986738039","https://openalex.org/W1989870285","https://openalex.org/W1990621137","https://openalex.org/W1990653740","https://openalex.org/W1991361881","https://openalex.org/W1994668970","https://openalex.org/W1999410614","https://openalex.org/W2000179198","https://openalex.org/W2006069992","https://openalex.org/W2008547125","https://openalex.org/W2012686349","https://openalex.org/W2013504223","https://openalex.org/W2044465660","https://openalex.org/W2048521685","https://openalex.org/W2049287129","https://openalex.org/W2059523177","https://openalex.org/W2060426168","https://openalex.org/W2064940474","https://openalex.org/W2067234885","https://openalex.org/W2069735046","https://openalex.org/W2076172205","https://openalex.org/W2079834399","https://openalex.org/W2082221482","https://openalex.org/W2092313418","https://openalex.org/W2095760232","https://openalex.org/W2101051003","https://openalex.org/W2101711129","https://openalex.org/W2103122046","https://openalex.org/W2109191549","https://openalex.org/W2110133912","https://openalex.org/W2113388748","https://openalex.org/W2119387367","https://openalex.org/W2127227873","https://openalex.org/W2132424470","https://openalex.org/W2144362041","https://openalex.org/W2145862305","https://openalex.org/W2148115499","https://openalex.org/W2151362686","https://openalex.org/W2153538582","https://openalex.org/W2155632266","https://openalex.org/W2166307050","https://openalex.org/W2166516660","https://openalex.org/W2167556755","https://openalex.org/W2168144621","https://openalex.org/W2169627224","https://openalex.org/W2188225820","https://openalex.org/W2273708466","https://openalex.org/W2335794719","https://openalex.org/W2504628316","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2917559002","https://openalex.org/W3117532410","https://openalex.org/W4298668103","https://openalex.org/W6610791461","https://openalex.org/W6632075054","https://openalex.org/W6634166588"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974983556","https://openalex.org/W2800518941","https://openalex.org/W2965593766","https://openalex.org/W2792900735","https://openalex.org/W2901328217","https://openalex.org/W1975547468","https://openalex.org/W2970415637","https://openalex.org/W2911956839","https://openalex.org/W3005435630","https://openalex.org/W3149506821"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Information":[0],"on":[1],"crop":[2,17,34,282],"types":[3,97],"derived":[4,62,102],"from":[5,63,108,284],"remotely":[6],"sensed":[7],"images":[8],"provides":[9,273],"valuable":[10],"input":[11],"for":[12,33,69,231,239,265,281],"many":[13],"applications":[14],"such":[15],"as":[16,164,233],"growth":[18],"modeling":[19],"and":[20,48,58,67,81,112,122,134,201,250,279],"yield":[21],"forecasting.":[22],"In":[23],"this":[24],"paper,":[25],"a":[26,274],"random":[27],"forest":[28],"(RF)":[29],"classifier":[30],"was":[31,138,147,176,229],"used":[32,68],"classification":[35,145,180,207,266,283],"using":[36,103,127,168,188,215],"multispectral":[37],"RapidEye":[38,65],"imagery":[39,66],"over":[40],"two":[41,78],"study":[42,272],"sites,":[43],"one":[44,49],"in":[45,50,88,162,247],"north-eastern":[46],"China":[47],"eastern":[51],"Ontario,":[52],"Canada.":[53],"Both":[54],"vegetation":[55,242,254],"indices":[56,154],"(VIs)":[57],"textural":[59,99,123,174,269],"features":[60,100,197],"were":[61,91,101,155,203],"the":[64,83,110,113,120,128,143,152,158,169,178,189,196,205,217,226,236,240,262,268],"classification.":[70],"A":[71,93],"total":[72,94],"of":[73,95,98],"20":[74],"VIs,":[75,200],"categorized":[76],"into":[77],"groups":[79],"with":[80,157,166,186,213],"without":[82],"red":[84],"edge":[85],"(RE)":[86],"band":[87,190,218],"an":[89],"index,":[90,243,249],"calculated.":[92],"eight":[96],"four":[104],"different":[105],"window":[106],"sizes":[107],"both":[109],"RE":[111,153,227],"near-infrared":[114],"bands.":[115],"To":[116],"reduce":[117],"redundancies":[118],"among":[119,267],"VIs":[121],"features,":[124],"feature":[125,277],"selection":[126,280],"principal":[129],"component":[130],"analysis,":[131,133],"correlation":[132],"stepwise":[135],"discriminant":[136],"analysis":[137],"performed.":[139],"Results":[140],"showed":[141,224],"that":[142,167,187,214,225],"overall":[144,179,206],"accuracy":[146,181,208],"improved":[148],"by":[149,183,210,235],"~7%":[150],"when":[151,194],"combined":[156],"five":[159,170],"spectral":[160],"bands":[161,171],"classification,":[163,232],"compared":[165,185,212],"alone.":[172,192],"When":[173],"information":[175],"included,":[177],"increased":[182,209],"~6%":[184],"reflectance":[191,228,248],"Furthermore,":[193],"all":[195],"(band":[198],"reflectance,":[199],"texture)":[202],"used,":[204],"~12%":[211],"only":[216],"reflectance.":[219],"The":[220,256,271],"RF":[221],"importance":[222,238],"measures":[223],"important":[230],"indicated":[234],"high":[237],"triangular":[241],"transformed":[244],"chlorophyll":[245],"absorption":[246],"green-rededge":[251],"normalized":[252],"difference":[253],"index.":[255],"gray-level":[257],"co-occurrence":[258],"matrix":[259],"mean":[260],"is":[261],"most":[263],"useful":[264],"features.":[270],"means":[275],"to":[276],"extraction":[278],"remote":[285],"sensing":[286],"imagery.":[287]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}