{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2763486888","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2017.2753467","title":"Additional Sampling Layout Optimization Method for Environmental Quality Grade Classifications of Farmland Soil","display_name":"Additional Sampling Layout Optimization Method for Environmental Quality Grade Classifications of Farmland Soil","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2763486888","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2017.2753467","mag":"2763486888"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2017.2753467","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2017.2753467","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055819576","display_name":"Bingbo Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4315-4873"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156423","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/04c3j3t84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingbo Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4315-4873","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110835789","display_name":"Anxiang Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9656-3809"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149874","display_name":"Beijing Research Center for Agricultural and Standards and Testing","ror":"https://ror.org/048mjnv22","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149874"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156423","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/04c3j3t84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anxiang Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China","National Engineering\u00a0 Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149874"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering\u00a0 Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073916751","display_name":"Yuchun Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1163-5963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156423","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/04c3j3t84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuchun Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China","National Engineering\u00a0 Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering\u00a0 Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014173425","display_name":"Lili Huo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0815-4202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149874","display_name":"Beijing Research Center for Agricultural and Standards and Testing","ror":"https://ror.org/048mjnv22","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149874"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lili Huo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024307114","display_name":"Yunbing Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156423","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/04c3j3t84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunbing Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China","National Engineering\u00a0 Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering\u00a0 Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101992957","display_name":"Xiaolan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9558-7443"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Internet of Things, Beijing, China","Key Laboratory of Agri-Informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Internet of Things, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Agri-Informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100629313","display_name":"Shuhua Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5020-4728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuhua Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Internet of Things, Beijing, China","Key Laboratory of Agri-Informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Internet of Things, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Agri-Informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102886809","display_name":"Ziyue Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4103-3792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziyue Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4103-3792","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7708,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69148443,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"12","first_page":"5350","last_page":"5358"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10770","display_name":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10770","display_name":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulated-annealing","display_name":"Simulated annealing","score":0.7177717685699463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.6850394010543823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling-design","display_name":"Sampling design","score":0.5743753910064697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5648468732833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.46789824962615967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.46781277656555176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.38373398780822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2935662865638733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2733045816421509}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126980161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863783","display_name":"Simulated annealing","level":2,"score":0.7177717685699463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.6850394010543823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75373757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7410160","display_name":"Sampling design","level":3,"score":0.5743753910064697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5648468732833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.46789824962615967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.46781277656555176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.38373398780822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2935662865638733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2733045816421509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2017.2753467","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2017.2753467","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.7099999785423279}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G835973773","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u201c\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u201d\u7a7a\u95f4\u62bd\u6837\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u53ca\u5176\u4e8c\u8054\u67e5\u627e\u8868\u7814\u5efa","funder_award_id":"41531179","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8563468952","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41601425","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485626427","https://openalex.org/W1969000410","https://openalex.org/W1970333426","https://openalex.org/W1973709303","https://openalex.org/W1993703763","https://openalex.org/W1997837167","https://openalex.org/W2017010640","https://openalex.org/W2020324269","https://openalex.org/W2023312901","https://openalex.org/W2028079979","https://openalex.org/W2032802632","https://openalex.org/W2037032398","https://openalex.org/W2040297670","https://openalex.org/W2053085157","https://openalex.org/W2065958177","https://openalex.org/W2069817906","https://openalex.org/W2083183194","https://openalex.org/W2084829975","https://openalex.org/W2099204361","https://openalex.org/W2103886906","https://openalex.org/W2114009539","https://openalex.org/W2116569388","https://openalex.org/W2128228580","https://openalex.org/W2151192484","https://openalex.org/W2163283323","https://openalex.org/W2207292751","https://openalex.org/W2267416087","https://openalex.org/W2300958255","https://openalex.org/W2331281248","https://openalex.org/W2343188872","https://openalex.org/W2509155768","https://openalex.org/W2545934387","https://openalex.org/W2584993403","https://openalex.org/W2589740075","https://openalex.org/W3138949179","https://openalex.org/W4230323367","https://openalex.org/W4388284198"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2075598034","https://openalex.org/W2048805712","https://openalex.org/W2548795680","https://openalex.org/W4238714840","https://openalex.org/W329462478","https://openalex.org/W2350399852","https://openalex.org/W1567644694","https://openalex.org/W2964635321","https://openalex.org/W1492433974","https://openalex.org/W2383809451"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Farmland":[0],"soil":[1],"environmental":[2,13,43,256],"quality":[3,14,44,67,257],"is":[4,170],"important":[5],"for":[6,24,37,203,255],"farmland":[7,17,261],"management.":[8],"To":[9,91],"precisely":[10],"classify":[11,64],"the":[12,32,52,55,61,65,117,129,137,149,156,160,166,174,180,186,211,216,228,231,234,250],"grades":[15],"of":[16,57,89,123,131,145,159,185,230,233,252,260],"soil,":[18],"additional":[19,80,99,161,212,253],"samples":[20,213],"may":[21],"be":[22,246],"required":[23],"multistage":[25],"sampling":[26,33,74,81,100,162,176,189,254],"or":[27,39],"supplementary":[28],"investigations.":[29],"Compared":[30],"with":[31,85,116],"optimization":[34,76,102,191],"methods":[35],"used":[36,247],"mapping":[38],"estimating":[40,51],"global":[41],"means,":[42],"grade":[45,258],"classifications":[46,70,259],"are":[47,152],"primarily":[48],"focused":[49],"on":[50],"relationships":[53],"between":[54],"values":[56,119],"unsampled":[58,124],"locations":[59,125,147],"and":[60,120,126,165,221,237],"thresholds":[62],"that":[63,104,210],"environment":[66],"grades.":[68],"Such":[69],"must":[71],"use":[72],"a":[73,86,107,113,132,196],"layout":[75,101,163,177,190],"method":[77,103,192,218,244],"to":[78,172,248],"distribute":[79],"units":[82],"into":[83],"areas":[84],"high":[87],"risk":[88],"misclassification.":[90],"resolve":[92],"such":[93],"problems,":[94],"this":[95],"paper":[96],"provides":[97],"an":[98],"initially":[105],"develops":[106],"classification":[108,224],"error":[109,121,143,187,225],"index":[110,188],"by":[111,178,215],"building":[112],"multi-Gaussian":[114],"model":[115],"predicted":[118],"variances":[122],"then":[127,153],"calculates":[128],"probability":[130],"threshold":[133],"value":[134],"occurring":[135],"in":[136,148,195],"standardized":[138],"Gaussian":[139],"distribution.":[140],"The":[141,183,207,242],"average":[142],"indexes":[144],"all":[146],"study":[150,198],"area":[151],"set":[154],"as":[155],"objectivity":[157,181],"function":[158],"optimization,":[164],"spatial":[167],"simulated":[168],"annealing":[169],"adopted":[171],"obtain":[173],"optimized":[175],"minimizing":[179],"function.":[182],"performance":[184],"was":[193],"demonstrated":[194],"case":[197],"using":[199],"chromium":[200],"concentration":[201],"data":[202],"Hunan":[204],"Province,":[205],"China.":[206],"results":[208],"showed":[209],"generated":[214],"proposed":[217,243],"produce":[219],"lower":[220],"more":[222],"stable":[223],"rates":[226],"than":[227],"minimization":[229],"mean":[232],"shortest":[235],"distances":[236],"spatially":[238],"random":[239],"sample":[240],"methods.":[241],"can":[245],"improve":[249],"efficiency":[251],"soil.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-17T09:13:05.818461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}