{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2605495192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2017.2686488","title":"Multilevel Cloud Detection in Remote Sensing Images Based on Deep Learning","display_name":"Multilevel Cloud Detection in Remote Sensing Images Based on Deep Learning","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-04-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2605495192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2017.2686488","mag":"2605495192"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2017.2686488","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2017.2686488","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052196775","display_name":"Fengying Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5681-2345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengying Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Media and the Image Processing Center, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Media and the Image Processing Center, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078096977","display_name":"Mengyun Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengyun Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Media and the Image Processing Center, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Media and the Image Processing Center, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058849690","display_name":"Zhenwei Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4772-3172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenwei Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Media and the Image Processing Center, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Media and the Image Processing Center, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068122673","display_name":"Jihao Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6773-0193"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jihao Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Media and the Image Processing Center, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Media and the Image Processing Center, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036886150","display_name":"Danpei Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6701-0471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danpei Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Media and the Image Processing Center, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Media and the Image Processing Center, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.5335,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":285,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99415625,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"8","first_page":"3631","last_page":"3640"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.885129451751709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8070907592773438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6805092096328735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.644084095954895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5756080150604248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5417135953903198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.4874577522277832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.473384290933609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.36613279581069946}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.885129451751709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8070907592773438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6805092096328735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.644084095954895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5756080150604248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5417135953903198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.4874577522277832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.473384290933609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.36613279581069946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2017.2686488","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2017.2686488","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5080638332","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1331108","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335569","funder_display_name":"Joint Fund of Astronomy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G522283721","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61471016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335569","funder_display_name":"Joint Fund of Astronomy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335569","display_name":"Joint Fund of Astronomy","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54257720","https://openalex.org/W625827677","https://openalex.org/W1533693043","https://openalex.org/W1608371111","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1938510073","https://openalex.org/W1942214758","https://openalex.org/W1997887332","https://openalex.org/W1999478155","https://openalex.org/W2029542629","https://openalex.org/W2036483012","https://openalex.org/W2055138256","https://openalex.org/W2067191022","https://openalex.org/W2084516844","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2108896333","https://openalex.org/W2110248298","https://openalex.org/W2116040950","https://openalex.org/W2118246710","https://openalex.org/W2127313798","https://openalex.org/W2136405884","https://openalex.org/W2145214568","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2156196165","https://openalex.org/W2161160262","https://openalex.org/W2165734775","https://openalex.org/W2180637043","https://openalex.org/W2294819727","https://openalex.org/W2298918080","https://openalex.org/W2545985378","https://openalex.org/W2595048683","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W6602211262","https://openalex.org/W6637242042"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4244478748","https://openalex.org/W3150465815","https://openalex.org/W4223488648","https://openalex.org/W2134969820","https://openalex.org/W2251605416","https://openalex.org/W1997222214","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3103566983"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cloud":[0],"detection":[1,20,99,105,134,140],"is":[2,26,40,60],"one":[3,75],"of":[4,76,89,141],"the":[5,33,44,64,72,87,91,94,97,102,107,143,165],"important":[6],"tasks":[7],"for":[8,28],"remote":[9,29],"sensing":[10,30],"image":[11,45,95],"processing.":[12],"In":[13,101],"this":[14],"paper,":[15],"a":[16,51],"novel":[17],"multilevel":[18,139],"cloud":[19,98,104,114,133,152,157,170],"method":[21,39,110,167],"based":[22],"on":[23],"deep":[24,52,145],"learning":[25],"proposed":[27,103,166],"images.":[31],"First,":[32],"simple":[34],"linear":[35],"iterative":[36],"clustering":[37],"(SLIC)":[38],"improved":[41,108],"to":[42,62],"segment":[43],"into":[46],"good":[47],"quality":[48],"superpixels.":[49],"Then,":[50],"convolutional":[53],"neural":[54],"network":[55],"(CNN)":[56],"with":[57,171],"two":[58],"branches":[59],"designed":[61,144],"extract":[63],"multiscale":[65],"features":[66],"from":[67,131,158],"each":[68],"superpixel":[69,73],"and":[70,84,125,174],"predict":[71],"as":[74],"three":[77],"classes":[78],"including":[79],"thick":[80,159],"cloud,":[81,83,142],"thin":[82,156],"noncloud.":[85],"Finally,":[86],"predictions":[88],"all":[90],"superpixels":[92],"in":[93],"yield":[96],"result.":[100],"framework,":[106],"SLIC":[109],"can":[111,148,168],"obtain":[112],"accurate":[113],"boundaries":[115],"by":[116],"optimizing":[117],"initial":[118],"cluster":[119],"centers,":[120],"designing":[121],"dynamic":[122],"distance":[123],"measure,":[124],"expanding":[126],"search":[127],"space.":[128],"Moreover,":[129],"different":[130],"traditional":[132],"methods":[135],"that":[136,164],"cannot":[137],"achieve":[138],"CNN":[146],"model":[147],"not":[149],"only":[150],"detect":[151,169],"but":[153],"also":[154],"distinguish":[155],"cloud.":[160],"Experimental":[161],"results":[162],"indicate":[163],"higher":[172],"accuracy":[173],"robustness":[175],"than":[176],"compared":[177],"methods.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-31T08:31:51.225901","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
