{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2742820159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2017.2686422","title":"Classification of Urban Building Type from High Spatial Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery Using Extended MRS and Soft BP Network","display_name":"Classification of Urban Building Type from High Spatial Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery Using Extended MRS and Soft BP Network","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2742820159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2017.2686422","mag":"2742820159"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2017.2686422","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2017.2686422","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f859207d20444ea4bf9de4dabeacd78e","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063416695","display_name":"Junfei Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7406-3221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137219","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Landscape Gardening","ror":"https://ror.org/042v7vy56","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137219"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junfei Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Landscape Gardening, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Landscape Gardening, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077029078","display_name":"Jianhua Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0291-1217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhua Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geographic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geographic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7843,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83298822,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"8","first_page":"3515","last_page":"3528"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6389175653457642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6289141178131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6200178861618042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6119801998138428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistic","display_name":"Statistic","score":0.6056452989578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6005759239196777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5992804169654846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.5567643642425537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5011012554168701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cohens-kappa","display_name":"Cohen's kappa","score":0.488326758146286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.45439672470092773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.4395864009857178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4271780550479889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.41243380308151245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3843018114566803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3477133810520172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21675556898117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2087063491344452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.1576213538646698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09495458006858826}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6389175653457642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6289141178131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6200178861618042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6119801998138428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89128539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1949963","display_name":"Statistic","level":2,"score":0.6056452989578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6005759239196777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5992804169654846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.5567643642425537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5011012554168701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163864269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107106","display_name":"Cohen's kappa","level":2,"score":0.488326758146286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.45439672470092773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.4395864009857178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4271780550479889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.41243380308151245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3843018114566803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3477133810520172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21675556898117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2087063491344452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.1576213538646698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09495458006858826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2017.2686422","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2017.2686422","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f859207d20444ea4bf9de4dabeacd78e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f859207d20444ea4bf9de4dabeacd78e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 10, Iss 8, Pp 3515-3528 (2017)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f859207d20444ea4bf9de4dabeacd78e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f859207d20444ea4bf9de4dabeacd78e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 10, Iss 8, Pp 3515-3528 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3119811619","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51278056","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W33985956","https://openalex.org/W1946646115","https://openalex.org/W1966411833","https://openalex.org/W1973644502","https://openalex.org/W1995870343","https://openalex.org/W2005397254","https://openalex.org/W2009214675","https://openalex.org/W2019006578","https://openalex.org/W2026723939","https://openalex.org/W2042806874","https://openalex.org/W2055569426","https://openalex.org/W2065738167","https://openalex.org/W2073015676","https://openalex.org/W2080192494","https://openalex.org/W2084079845","https://openalex.org/W2092041043","https://openalex.org/W2102673432","https://openalex.org/W2117186870","https://openalex.org/W2119104009","https://openalex.org/W2119879130","https://openalex.org/W2133085566","https://openalex.org/W2137825465","https://openalex.org/W2148528086","https://openalex.org/W2155148032","https://openalex.org/W2155910279","https://openalex.org/W2157284958","https://openalex.org/W2356164470","https://openalex.org/W2364261712","https://openalex.org/W2981849677","https://openalex.org/W4385518786"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2359776416","https://openalex.org/W2353788488","https://openalex.org/W2361916204","https://openalex.org/W2372011046","https://openalex.org/W2387495973","https://openalex.org/W2531301769","https://openalex.org/W2297943152","https://openalex.org/W2006362812","https://openalex.org/W1594962745","https://openalex.org/W4390143830"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,53,57,90,98,177,216],"new":[4],"approach":[5,16],"for":[6],"classification":[7,27,211],"of":[8,18,48,66,79,92,105],"building":[9,155],"type":[10],"in":[11,83,176,198,215],"complex":[12,77],"urban":[13],"scene.":[14],"The":[15,32,132],"consists":[17],"two":[19],"parts:":[20],"extended":[21],"multiresolution":[22],"segmentation":[23,219],"(EMRS)":[24],"and":[25,114,125,164,221],"soft":[26],"using":[28,152,196,208],"BP":[29,213],"network":[30,214],"(SBP).":[31],"technology":[33],"scheme":[34],"is":[35,42,52,120,189,203,229],"referred":[36],"to":[37,44,60,75,101,109,141],"here":[38,110],"as":[39,97,111,122,128],"EMRS-SBP.":[40],"EMRS":[41],"used":[43],"guide":[45],"the":[46,63,126,142,146,192,199,209,223],"design":[47],"descriptor.":[49],"A":[50,69],"descriptor":[51],"feature":[54,86,178,201],"expression":[55],"or":[56],"symbolized":[58],"algorithm":[59],"systematically":[61],"promote":[62],"expressing":[64],"capability":[65],"image":[67,115],"features.":[68],"classifier":[70,99],"can":[71,134,167],"perform":[72],"far":[73],"better":[74],"discern":[76],"pattern":[78],"combining":[80],"pixels":[81,113],"working":[82],"an":[84],"EMRS-based":[85,186,200],"space":[87,179,202,220],"constructed":[88,180],"by":[89,145],"number":[91],"such":[93],"descriptors.":[94],"SBP":[95,197],"serves":[96],"model":[100],"generate":[102],"natural":[103],"clusters":[104],"member":[106,119,124],"which":[107],"refers":[108],"both":[112],"patches.":[116],"Class-mark":[117],"ensured":[118],"denoted":[121],"sure":[123,149],"rest":[127],"unsure":[129],"(fuzzy)":[130],"members.":[131,150],"latter":[133],"be":[135,168],"relabeled":[136],"through":[137],"recursive":[138],"defuzzifying":[139],"according":[140],"information":[143],"carried":[144],"gradually":[147],"increased":[148],"By":[151],"EMRS-SBP,":[153],"three":[154],"types,":[156],"i.e.,":[157],"old-fashioned":[158],"courtyard":[159],"dwellings,":[160],"multistorey":[161],"residential":[162],"buildings,":[163,166],"high-rise":[165],"accurately":[169],"classified":[170],"from":[171],"high":[172],"spatial":[173],"resolution":[174,218],"imagery":[175],"with":[181,212],"fifteen":[182],"descriptors":[183],"including":[184],"nine":[185],"ones.":[187],"There":[188],"evidence":[190],"that":[191,207],"mean":[193,224],"overall":[194],"accuracy":[195],"19.8%":[204],"higher":[205],"than":[206],"hard":[210],"single":[217],"meanwhile,":[222],"kappa":[225],"statistic":[226],"value":[227],"(\u03ba)":[228],"25.1%":[230],"higher.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}