{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2557647450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2016.2625813","title":"Shifting Trends in Bimodal Phytoplankton Blooms in the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans From Space With the Holo-Hilbert Spectral Analysis","display_name":"Shifting Trends in Bimodal Phytoplankton Blooms in the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans From Space With the Holo-Hilbert Spectral Analysis","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2557647450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2016.2625813","mag":"2557647450"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2016.2625813","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2016.2625813","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100402835","display_name":"Min Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5998-5711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113896","display_name":"Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026sv7t11","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113896"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114556","display_name":"First Institute of Oceanography","ror":"https://ror.org/01y34t753","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210114556","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["First Institute of Oceanography and Key Laboratory of Data Analysis and Applications, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, China","Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"First Institute of Oceanography and Key Laboratory of Data Analysis and Applications, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113896"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021807640","display_name":"Yuanling Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5738-5218"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113896","display_name":"Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026sv7t11","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113896"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114556","display_name":"First Institute of Oceanography","ror":"https://ror.org/01y34t753","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210114556","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanling Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["First Institute of Oceanography and Key Laboratory of Data Analysis and Applications, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, China","Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"First Institute of Oceanography and Key Laboratory of Data Analysis and Applications, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113896"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028940184","display_name":"Fangli Qiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5829-4780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113896","display_name":"Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026sv7t11","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113896"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114556","display_name":"First Institute of Oceanography","ror":"https://ror.org/01y34t753","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210114556","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangli Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["First Institute of Oceanography and Key Laboratory of Data Analysis and Applications, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, China","Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"First Institute of Oceanography and Key Laboratory of Data Analysis and Applications, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113896"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086084891","display_name":"Jia Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4794-053X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113896","display_name":"Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026sv7t11","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113896"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114556","display_name":"First Institute of Oceanography","ror":"https://ror.org/01y34t753","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210114556","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["First Institute of Oceanography and Key Laboratory of Data Analysis and Applications, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, China","Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"First Institute of Oceanography and Key Laboratory of Data Analysis and Applications, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113896"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100367304","display_name":"Gang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6480-9990"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113896","display_name":"Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026sv7t11","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113896"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114556","display_name":"First Institute of Oceanography","ror":"https://ror.org/01y34t753","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210114556","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["First Institute of Oceanography and Key Laboratory of Data Analysis and Applications, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, China","Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"First Institute of Oceanography and Key Laboratory of Data Analysis and Applications, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113896"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0112,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8049085,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"57","last_page":"64"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10032","display_name":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10032","display_name":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10230","display_name":"Marine and fisheries research","score":0.9765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spring-bloom","display_name":"Spring bloom","score":0.7613392472267151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bloom","display_name":"Bloom","score":0.7564027309417725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.6656003594398499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phytoplankton","display_name":"Phytoplankton","score":0.6473631262779236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6326510310173035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperate-climate","display_name":"Temperate climate","score":0.5461609363555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.4943959712982178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algal-bloom","display_name":"Algal bloom","score":0.4364810585975647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2153041660785675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.12493550777435303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.1146295964717865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutrient","display_name":"Nutrient","score":0.06890055537223816}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97832226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7580762","display_name":"Spring bloom","level":4,"score":0.7613392472267151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155567681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2987425","display_name":"Bloom","level":2,"score":0.7564027309417725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.6656003594398499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780892065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184755","display_name":"Phytoplankton","level":3,"score":0.6473631262779236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6326510310173035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81461190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167466","display_name":"Temperate climate","level":2,"score":0.5461609363555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.4943959712982178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120305227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q326139","display_name":"Algal bloom","level":4,"score":0.4364810585975647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2153041660785675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.12493550777435303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1146295964717865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.06890055537223816}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2016.2625813","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2016.2625813","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8799999952316284,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G196026946","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41206027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2204822973","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2013G20","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329833","funder_display_name":"Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4092919241","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2012G23","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329833","funder_display_name":"Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8997971939","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1406404","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335983","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329833","display_name":"Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335983","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W649047007","https://openalex.org/W1493236684","https://openalex.org/W1502752022","https://openalex.org/W1603040941","https://openalex.org/W1628022084","https://openalex.org/W1909116965","https://openalex.org/W1964641866","https://openalex.org/W1965078398","https://openalex.org/W1969944734","https://openalex.org/W1984857689","https://openalex.org/W1986951706","https://openalex.org/W1998595785","https://openalex.org/W1998884236","https://openalex.org/W2007221293","https://openalex.org/W2011252318","https://openalex.org/W2028497691","https://openalex.org/W2028755967","https://openalex.org/W2031190648","https://openalex.org/W2035566665","https://openalex.org/W2035891357","https://openalex.org/W2043223588","https://openalex.org/W2046772901","https://openalex.org/W2047399876","https://openalex.org/W2051392905","https://openalex.org/W2053031841","https://openalex.org/W2054412566","https://openalex.org/W2058444042","https://openalex.org/W2061046601","https://openalex.org/W2068264411","https://openalex.org/W2072367392","https://openalex.org/W2076556909","https://openalex.org/W2088202114","https://openalex.org/W2095394179","https://openalex.org/W2116344855","https://openalex.org/W2120390927","https://openalex.org/W2133910563","https://openalex.org/W2145014519","https://openalex.org/W2145679082","https://openalex.org/W2151536957","https://openalex.org/W2152052505","https://openalex.org/W2152460687","https://openalex.org/W2168035179","https://openalex.org/W2171272472","https://openalex.org/W2282428144","https://openalex.org/W2299397083","https://openalex.org/W2942735312","https://openalex.org/W4319781733"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022511757","https://openalex.org/W2020861924","https://openalex.org/W1996902491","https://openalex.org/W2373032380","https://openalex.org/W2066440984","https://openalex.org/W3205523456","https://openalex.org/W4386601155","https://openalex.org/W2028584523","https://openalex.org/W2317705841","https://openalex.org/W2150974325"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Merged":[0],"satellite":[1],"ocean":[2],"color":[3],"data":[4],"were":[5,51,75,158],"used":[6],"to":[7,53],"examine":[8],"trends":[9],"in":[10,31,99,115,126,131,151,172],"the":[11,23,32,65,97,152,166,173],"timing":[12,128],"and":[13,28,35,47,57,71,79,90,93,120,129,155],"magnitude":[14,130],"of":[15,26,169,175],"phytoplankton":[16,176],"blooms.":[17,82],"Special":[18],"emphasis":[19],"was":[20,102,113],"placed":[21],"on":[22],"peak":[24],"shift":[25],"spring":[27,73,92,105],"autumn/winter":[29],"blooms":[30,74,101],"North":[33,36,67,85,118],"Pacific":[34,86,121],"Atlantic":[37,68,119],"Oceans":[38],"with":[39,77,96],"bimodal":[40],"seasonal":[41,55],"cycles.":[42],"Ensemble":[43],"empirical":[44,141],"mode":[45,142],"decomposition":[46],"Holo-Hilbert":[48,145],"spectral":[49,146],"analysis":[50],"combined":[52],"extract":[54],"signals":[56],"investigate":[58],"their":[59],"modulation":[60,174],"at":[61],"multiple":[62],"time-scales.":[63],"In":[64],"temperate":[66,84,117],"Ocean,":[69],"earlier":[70],"decreasing":[72],"detected":[76],"delayed":[78,89],"increased":[80,91],"autumn":[81,94],"The":[83,107,123],"Ocean":[87],"presented":[88],"blooms,":[95],"delay":[98],"fall":[100],"larger":[103],"than":[104],"ones.":[106],"separation":[108],"between":[109],"two":[110],"bloom":[111,127,156],"peaks":[112],"increasing":[114],"both":[116],"regions.":[122],"intrinsic":[124],"variation":[125],"these":[132],"selected":[133],"regions":[134],"could":[135],"be":[136],"clearly":[137],"extracted":[138],"by":[139,160],"ensemble":[140],"decomposition.":[143],"Further":[144],"results":[147,164],"showed":[148],"that":[149],"changes":[150],"annual":[153],"cycle":[154],"characteristics":[157],"modulated":[159],"interannual":[161,170],"variability.":[162],"These":[163],"suggest":[165],"critical":[167],"role":[168],"variability":[171],"seasonality.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}