{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2530530432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2016.2608358","title":"Unsupervised Distance Learning for Plant Species Identification","display_name":"Unsupervised Distance Learning for Plant Species Identification","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2530530432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2016.2608358","mag":"2530530432"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2016.2608358","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2016.2608358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089568142","display_name":"Jurandy Almeida","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4998-6996"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88273585","display_name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/02k5swt12","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88273585"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jurandy Almeida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of S&#x00E3;o Paulo (UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of S&#x00E3;o Paulo (UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88273585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078511671","display_name":"Daniel Carlos Guimar\u00e3es Pedronette","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2867-4838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I879563668","display_name":"Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)","ror":"https://ror.org/00987cb86","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel C. G. Pedronette","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, Applied Mathematics and Computation, S&#x00E3;o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, Applied Mathematics and Computation, S&#x00E3;o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046368121","display_name":"Bruna Alberton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4835-8389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I879563668","display_name":"Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)","ror":"https://ror.org/00987cb86","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruna C. Alberton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany, S&#x00E3;o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany, S&#x00E3;o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017135899","display_name":"Leonor Patr\u00edcia Cerdeira Morellato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5265-8988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I879563668","display_name":"Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)","ror":"https://ror.org/00987cb86","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonor Patricia C. Morellato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany, S&#x00E3;o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany, S&#x00E3;o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087058987","display_name":"Ricardo da Silva Torres","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9772-263X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181391015","display_name":"Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)","ror":"https://ror.org/04wffgt70","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo da S. Torres","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1872,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92318634,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"12","first_page":"5325","last_page":"5338"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10895","display_name":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10895","display_name":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10487","display_name":"Plant and animal studies","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenology","display_name":"Phenology","score":0.7860751748085022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.6759530305862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6539310216903687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5579518675804138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.5474817752838135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5427579879760742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5289459228515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-identification","display_name":"Plant identification","score":0.5266112089157104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5047839879989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.4927521049976349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.48153072595596313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.4606063961982727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity-measure","display_name":"Similarity measure","score":0.45290595293045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.43272414803504944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-species","display_name":"Plant species","score":0.431112140417099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.41525936126708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4006023406982422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.2159295380115509}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51417038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272737","display_name":"Phenology","level":2,"score":0.7860751748085022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.6759530305862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6539310216903687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5579518675804138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.5474817752838135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5427579879760742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5289459228515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776091240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106238460","display_name":"Plant identification","level":2,"score":0.5266112089157104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5047839879989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.4927521049976349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.48153072595596313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.4606063961982727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776517306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29017317","display_name":"Similarity measure","level":2,"score":0.45290595293045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.43272414803504944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985179745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131449","display_name":"Plant species","level":2,"score":0.431112140417099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.41525936126708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4006023406982422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.2159295380115509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2016.2608358","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2016.2608358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/178485","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11449/178485","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196277","display_name":"UNESP Institutional Repository (S\u00e3o Paulo State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I879563668","host_organization_name":"Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I879563668"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.unifesp.br:11600/56607","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/56607","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196380","display_name":"UNIFESP Institutional Repository (Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I88273585","host_organization_name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88273585"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Artigo"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3242238095","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#2009/18438-7","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3529486274","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#2013/08645-0","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3932284040","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#2016/06441-7","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6061476062","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#2010/51307-0","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8576567118","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#2014/00215-0","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/02ddkpn78"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W48298789","https://openalex.org/W161347600","https://openalex.org/W223730970","https://openalex.org/W1575496704","https://openalex.org/W1820015093","https://openalex.org/W1971813093","https://openalex.org/W1977557404","https://openalex.org/W2000323021","https://openalex.org/W2020271151","https://openalex.org/W2020365273","https://openalex.org/W2026430219","https://openalex.org/W2038927660","https://openalex.org/W2042023552","https://openalex.org/W2044504174","https://openalex.org/W2068071242","https://openalex.org/W2068633392","https://openalex.org/W2071864906","https://openalex.org/W2076188996","https://openalex.org/W2077078454","https://openalex.org/W2087742551","https://openalex.org/W2114456168","https://openalex.org/W2135364649","https://openalex.org/W2140354613","https://openalex.org/W2140944264","https://openalex.org/W2142992480","https://openalex.org/W2149697774","https://openalex.org/W2156365280","https://openalex.org/W2163450852","https://openalex.org/W2165989393","https://openalex.org/W2191245477","https://openalex.org/W2202815206","https://openalex.org/W2216985360","https://openalex.org/W2296343934","https://openalex.org/W2318326417","https://openalex.org/W4232592570"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4383109939","https://openalex.org/W4213031606","https://openalex.org/W2808828169","https://openalex.org/W2280806818","https://openalex.org/W4313402687","https://openalex.org/W4378977020","https://openalex.org/W2233448638","https://openalex.org/W2397011818","https://openalex.org/W3106826951","https://openalex.org/W3088160610"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Phenology":[0],"is":[1],"among":[2],"the":[3,45,75,111,120,150],"most":[4],"trustworthy":[5],"indicators":[6],"of":[7,18,30,48,77,84,114,152],"climate":[8],"change":[9],"effects":[10],"on":[11,74,89,122],"plants":[12,52,72],"and":[13,135,141],"animals.":[14],"The":[15],"recent":[16],"application":[17],"repeated":[19],"digital":[20],"photographs":[21],"to":[22,44,133],"monitor":[23],"vegetation":[24],"phenology":[25,41],"has":[26],"provided":[27],"accurate":[28],"measures":[29],"plant":[31,123],"life":[32],"cycle":[33],"changes":[34],"over":[35],"time.":[36],"A":[37],"fundamental":[38],"requirement":[39],"for":[40,70,137],"studies":[42],"refers":[43],"correct":[46],"recognition":[47],"phenological":[49],"patterns":[50],"from":[51],"by":[53],"taking":[54],"into":[55],"account":[56],"time":[57,116,153],"series":[58,117,154],"associated":[59],"with":[60,149],"their":[61],"crowns.":[62],"This":[63],"paper":[64],"presents":[65],"a":[66],"new":[67],"similarity":[68],"measure":[69],"identifying":[71],"based":[73,88],"use":[76,97,151],"an":[78],"unsupervised":[79],"distance":[80],"learning":[81],"scheme,":[82],"instead":[83],"using":[85],"traditional":[86],"approaches":[87],"pairwise":[90],"similarities.":[91],"We":[92],"experimentally":[93],"show":[94],"that":[95],"its":[96],"yields":[98],"considerable":[99],"improvements":[100],"in":[101,155],"time-series":[102],"search":[103],"tasks.":[104],"In":[105],"addition,":[106],"we":[107],"also":[108],"demonstrate":[109],"how":[110],"late":[112],"fusion":[113],"different":[115],"can":[118],"improve":[119],"results":[121],"species":[124],"identification.In":[125],"some":[126],"cases,":[127],"significant":[128],"gains":[129],"were":[130],"observed":[131],"(up":[132],"+8.21%":[134],"+19.39%":[136],"mean":[138],"average":[139],"precision":[140,142],"at":[143],"10":[144],"scores,":[145],"respectively)":[146],"when":[147],"compared":[148],"isolation.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
