{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2510508903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2016.2600749","title":"SST Dependence of Ku- and C-Band Backscatter Measurements","display_name":"SST Dependence of Ku- and C-Band Backscatter Measurements","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2510508903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2016.2600749","mag":"2510508903"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2016.2600749","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2016.2600749","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011476548","display_name":"Zhixiong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1672-2705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhixiong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u2002Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2002Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031868643","display_name":"Ad Stoffelen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4018-4073"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1309140791","display_name":"Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05dfgh554","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1309140791","https://openalex.org/I331567899","https://openalex.org/I4210140876"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ad Stoffelen","raw_affiliation_strings":["[Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, De Bilt, AE, The Netherlands]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, De Bilt, AE, The Netherlands]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309140791"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111456241","display_name":"F. Fois","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Franco Fois","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geosciences and Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology, Delft, CD, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geosciences and Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology, Delft, CD, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037775715","display_name":"Anton Verhoef","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5383-9086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1309140791","display_name":"Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05dfgh554","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1309140791","https://openalex.org/I331567899","https://openalex.org/I4210140876"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anton Verhoef","raw_affiliation_strings":["[Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, De Bilt, AE, The Netherlands]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, De Bilt, AE, The Netherlands]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309140791"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018147628","display_name":"Chaofang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3745-2524"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaofang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u2002Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2002Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057141411","display_name":"Mingsen Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5468-1591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128742","display_name":"National Satellite Ocean Application Service","ror":"https://ror.org/038fwcw54","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128742"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingsen Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["@ National Satellite Ocean Application Service, State Oceanic Administration, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"@ National Satellite Ocean Application Service, State Oceanic Administration, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128742"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100359784","display_name":"Ge Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4868-5179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ge Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u2002Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2002Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011476548"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2976,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":70,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95644739,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"5","first_page":"2135","last_page":"2146"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backscatter","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","score":0.7585069537162781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ku-band","display_name":"Ku band","score":0.6474397778511047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5790401101112366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4801868200302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-surface-temperature","display_name":"Sea surface temperature","score":0.41260552406311035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.24140381813049316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2365809977054596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.23360872268676758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.21226423978805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.18899604678153992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1790008842945099}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.7585069537162781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779383134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q306639","display_name":"Ku band","level":2,"score":0.6474397778511047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5790401101112366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4801868200302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134097258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1507383","display_name":"Sea surface temperature","level":2,"score":0.41260552406311035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.24140381813049316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2365809977054596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.23360872268676758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.21226423978805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.18899604678153992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1790008842945099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2016.2600749","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2016.2600749","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2015808878","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201506330017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","display_name":"European Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9za21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W55092961","https://openalex.org/W385663865","https://openalex.org/W1177777428","https://openalex.org/W1570381226","https://openalex.org/W1841579047","https://openalex.org/W1899063361","https://openalex.org/W1965580132","https://openalex.org/W2001363805","https://openalex.org/W2006253115","https://openalex.org/W2010660303","https://openalex.org/W2030002591","https://openalex.org/W2037145547","https://openalex.org/W2045091366","https://openalex.org/W2057794477","https://openalex.org/W2072858605","https://openalex.org/W2078647299","https://openalex.org/W2093761294","https://openalex.org/W2095643007","https://openalex.org/W2100807107","https://openalex.org/W2103769147","https://openalex.org/W2105572471","https://openalex.org/W2118878957","https://openalex.org/W2121745948","https://openalex.org/W2122188921","https://openalex.org/W2131833883","https://openalex.org/W2137228481","https://openalex.org/W2137453032","https://openalex.org/W2140387194","https://openalex.org/W2158550412","https://openalex.org/W2162009404","https://openalex.org/W2407363744","https://openalex.org/W2565690785","https://openalex.org/W2609734302","https://openalex.org/W4248656856","https://openalex.org/W6602245815","https://openalex.org/W6639634633","https://openalex.org/W6731166400"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2101982260","https://openalex.org/W790100635","https://openalex.org/W4320929583","https://openalex.org/W2606701507","https://openalex.org/W2016621599","https://openalex.org/W1975942461","https://openalex.org/W2044375172","https://openalex.org/W3035750522","https://openalex.org/W1984097640","https://openalex.org/W2775429552"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,93],"normalized":[1],"radar":[2,10,64,78,166],"cross":[3],"section":[4],"(NRCS)":[5],"measured":[6],"by":[7,30,35],"satellite":[8],"ocean":[9],"systems":[11],"is":[12,154],"representative":[13],"of":[14,22,55,75,84],"the":[15,20,53,73,97,112],"sea":[16,41,46],"surface":[17,42,47,136],"roughness":[18],"at":[19,102,126],"scale":[21],"gravity-capillary":[23],"waves,":[24],"which":[25],"are":[26,70,100,115,145],"not":[27],"only":[28],"dominated":[29],"winds,":[31],"but":[32,104],"also":[33],"modulated":[34],"some":[36],"secondary":[37],"factors":[38],"such":[39],"as":[40],"temperature":[43],"(SST)":[44],"and":[45,67,81,88,119,125,138],"salinity":[48],"(SSS).":[49],"In":[50],"this":[51],"paper,":[52],"variations":[54],"NRCS":[56,109],"due":[57,132],"to":[58,133,156],"SST":[59,98,113,158],"changes,":[60],"depending":[61],"on":[62,72,142],"scatterometer":[63,91,143,162],"frequency,":[65],"polarization,":[66],"incidence":[68,128],"angle,":[69],"investigated":[71],"basis":[74],"a":[76,82],"physics-based":[77],"backscatter":[79],"model":[80],"dataset":[83],"collocated":[85],"ASCAT":[86],"C-band":[87,108],"RapidScat":[89],"Ku-band":[90],"measurements.":[92,110],"study":[94,150],"shows":[95],"that":[96,152],"effects":[99,114],"substantial":[101],"Ku-band,":[103],"rather":[105],"negligible":[106],"for":[107,165],"Furthermore,":[111],"wind":[116,163],"speed":[117],"dependent":[118],"more":[120],"pronounced":[121],"in":[122,161],"VV":[123],"polarization":[124],"higher":[127],"angles.":[129],"SSS":[130],"effects,":[131],"dielectric":[134],"constant,":[135],"tension,":[137],"dynamic":[139],"viscosity":[140],"variations,":[141],"winds":[144],"limited":[146],"(within":[147],"1%).":[148],"This":[149],"concludes":[151],"it":[153],"necessary":[155],"take":[157],"into":[159],"account":[160],"retrieval":[164],"wavelengths":[167],"smaller":[168],"than":[169],"C-band.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
