{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2469074719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2016.2581699","title":"Analysis of GNSS-R Altimetry for Mapping Ocean Mesoscale Sea Surface Heights Using High-Resolution Model Simulations","display_name":"Analysis of GNSS-R Altimetry for Mapping Ocean Mesoscale Sea Surface Heights Using High-Resolution Model Simulations","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-07-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2469074719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2016.2581699","mag":"2469074719"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2016.2581699","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2016.2581699","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102009134","display_name":"Zhijin Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhijin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031991789","display_name":"Cinzia Zuffada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3096-122X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cinzia Zuffada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058658339","display_name":"S. Lowe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1109-4797"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen T. Lowe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070994105","display_name":"Tong Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9817-2908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015442905","display_name":"Victor Zlotnicki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1983-7930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor Zlotnicki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102009134"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9847,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89822641,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"10","first_page":"4631","last_page":"4642"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/altimeter","display_name":"Altimeter","score":0.7474395632743835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mesoscale-meteorology","display_name":"Mesoscale meteorology","score":0.7330741286277771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.6960965394973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6743142008781433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.5519148111343384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.5252782106399536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.49855923652648926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-surface-height","display_name":"Sea-surface height","score":0.4806557893753052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.4519032835960388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.43057847023010254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3212391436100006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.17929327487945557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.173712819814682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10216414928436279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17534553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216197","display_name":"Altimeter","level":2,"score":0.7474395632743835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40382383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2399824","display_name":"Mesoscale meteorology","level":2,"score":0.7330741286277771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.6960965394973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6743142008781433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.5519148111343384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5252782106399536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.49855923652648926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142672198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7076157","display_name":"Sea-surface height","level":3,"score":0.4806557893753052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4519032835960388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.43057847023010254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3212391436100006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.17929327487945557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.173712819814682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10216414928436279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2016.2581699","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2016.2581699","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332375","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1641514922","https://openalex.org/W1676832643","https://openalex.org/W1907224305","https://openalex.org/W1915970248","https://openalex.org/W1923563908","https://openalex.org/W1944564614","https://openalex.org/W1964610703","https://openalex.org/W1969430019","https://openalex.org/W1970288396","https://openalex.org/W1973443548","https://openalex.org/W1977652485","https://openalex.org/W1984598197","https://openalex.org/W1985769637","https://openalex.org/W1993260635","https://openalex.org/W1994184728","https://openalex.org/W1994812176","https://openalex.org/W1998864347","https://openalex.org/W2007818237","https://openalex.org/W2009758499","https://openalex.org/W2016150148","https://openalex.org/W2017647804","https://openalex.org/W2027522974","https://openalex.org/W2030774493","https://openalex.org/W2036454555","https://openalex.org/W2045283218","https://openalex.org/W2050037291","https://openalex.org/W2050393255","https://openalex.org/W2055507009","https://openalex.org/W2062914653","https://openalex.org/W2099753271","https://openalex.org/W2100986500","https://openalex.org/W2103598124","https://openalex.org/W2106996314","https://openalex.org/W2108234639","https://openalex.org/W2109362828","https://openalex.org/W2110778674","https://openalex.org/W2122512809","https://openalex.org/W2123123006","https://openalex.org/W2134213743","https://openalex.org/W2145910073","https://openalex.org/W2150096808","https://openalex.org/W2155979668","https://openalex.org/W2166265458","https://openalex.org/W2174111164","https://openalex.org/W2179630735","https://openalex.org/W2232192374","https://openalex.org/W2488789640","https://openalex.org/W2509665490","https://openalex.org/W2979562478","https://openalex.org/W4234767995","https://openalex.org/W4255777770","https://openalex.org/W4256721178","https://openalex.org/W6676359787"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1677898128","https://openalex.org/W2513822397","https://openalex.org/W2291864255","https://openalex.org/W2126909473","https://openalex.org/W2082978544","https://openalex.org/W2162891874","https://openalex.org/W2132339589","https://openalex.org/W2548392865","https://openalex.org/W2083488778","https://openalex.org/W2044098611"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,75,100,205],"capability":[1],"of":[2,30,84,117,124,146,195,210,223,239],"global":[3],"navigation":[4],"satellite":[5],"system":[6],"reflectometry":[7],"(GNSS-R)":[8],"altimetry":[9,212],"to":[10,106,129,202,213,219,228,233],"map":[11],"mesoscale":[12,162,199,230],"sea":[13],"surface":[14],"height":[15],"(SSH)":[16],"fields":[17,132,163],"is":[18,79,104,150,164,176,183],"analyzed":[19],"using":[20,133],"synthetic":[21,125],"measurements":[22,126,196,224],"derived":[23],"from":[24],"a":[25,72,82,113,134],"high-resolution":[26],"(1/10\u00b0)":[27],"numerical":[28],"model":[29],"the":[31,39,51,85,89,92,96,139,143,147,154,158,169,173,180,208,220,226,237],"North":[32],"Pacific.":[33],"As":[34],"an":[35],"example,":[36],"we":[37],"consider":[38],"GPS":[40],"and":[41,45,58,88,98,153,160,179,188,225],"GLONASS":[42],"constellation":[43,238],"transmitters":[44],"assume":[46],"six":[47],"reflection-capable":[48],"receivers":[49],"onboard":[50],"Constellation":[52],"Observing":[53],"System":[54],"for":[55],"Meteorology,":[56],"Ionosphere,":[57],"Climate":[59],"satellites":[60],"in":[61,91],"high-inclination":[62],"(720":[63],"km,":[64],"72\u00b0)":[65],"orbits.":[66],"An":[67],"individual":[68],"GNSS-R":[69,211],"measurement":[70,77,94,102,216],"has":[71],"~10-km":[73],"footprint.":[74],"SSH":[76,131],"error":[78,90,103,115],"simulated":[80],"as":[81],"function":[83],"incidence":[86],"angle":[87],"delay":[93,101,141,171],"between":[95,157],"transmitter":[97],"receiver.":[99],"assumed":[105],"have":[107],"Gaussian":[108],"white":[109],"noise":[110],"distribution":[111],"with":[112],"root-mean-square":[114],"(RMSE)":[116],"1.0":[118],"or":[119],"2.0":[120],"m.":[121],"Two":[122],"days":[123,194],"are":[127],"used":[128],"reconstruct":[130],"two-dimensional":[135],"variational":[136],"algorithm.":[137],"For":[138,168],"1.0-m":[140],"error,":[142,172],"basin-wide":[144,174],"RMSE":[145,175],"mapped":[148,159],"field":[149],"2.3":[151],"cm":[152,178],"spatial":[155,181],"correlation":[156,182],"true":[161],"larger":[165,184],"than":[166,185],"0.9.":[167],"2.0-m":[170],"3.8":[177],"0.8.":[186],"Spectral":[187],"synoptic":[189],"analyses":[190],"suggest":[191],"that":[192],"two":[193],"can":[197],"reproduce":[198],"features":[200,231],"down":[201,232],"100":[203],"km.":[204],"result":[206],"demonstrates":[207],"ability":[209],"suppress":[214],"large":[215],"errors":[217],"due":[218],"high":[221],"density":[222],"potential":[227],"constrain":[229],"scales":[234],"beyond":[235],"what":[236],"existing":[240],"nadir-altimeters":[241],"allows.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
