{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2345272913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2016.2519843","title":"Determining the Relationship Between Census Data and Spatial Features Derived From High-Resolution Imagery in Accra, Ghana","display_name":"Determining the Relationship Between Census Data and Spatial Features Derived From High-Resolution Imagery in Accra, Ghana","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-02-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2345272913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2016.2519843","mag":"2345272913"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2016.2519843","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2016.2519843","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088100911","display_name":"Avery Sandborn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5069-6929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Avery Sandborn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5069-6929","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045808718","display_name":"Ryan Engstrom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3063-0551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan N. Engstrom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088100911"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3208,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93840149,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"5","first_page":"1970","last_page":"1977"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/census","display_name":"Census","score":0.7300523519515991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.5939857959747314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.5295670628547668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thematic-map","display_name":"Thematic map","score":0.5116679668426514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5057239532470703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.49927210807800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-imagery","display_name":"Satellite imagery","score":0.4858550727367401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-ecology","display_name":"Spatial ecology","score":0.4317636489868164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.42882731556892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.4246790111064911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.41429126262664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3406344950199127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1725102961063385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.11491307616233826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demography","display_name":"Demography","score":0.074983149766922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.07039842009544373}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52130261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39825","display_name":"Census","level":3,"score":0.7300523519515991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5939857959747314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5295670628547668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93692415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502030","display_name":"Thematic map","level":2,"score":0.5116679668426514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5057239532470703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.49927210807800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778102629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725252","display_name":"Satellite imagery","level":2,"score":0.4858550727367401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158709400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3578586","display_name":"Spatial ecology","level":2,"score":0.4317636489868164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.42882731556892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.4246790111064911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.41429126262664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3406344950199127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1725102961063385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.11491307616233826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.074983149766922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.07039842009544373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2016.2519843","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2016.2519843","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5850224482","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNX12AM87G","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8932650217","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"G00009708","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22745672","https://openalex.org/W1487666738","https://openalex.org/W1515135833","https://openalex.org/W1965628912","https://openalex.org/W1972477301","https://openalex.org/W1975879252","https://openalex.org/W1978386034","https://openalex.org/W1997900290","https://openalex.org/W2005239152","https://openalex.org/W2006500012","https://openalex.org/W2006561424","https://openalex.org/W2010797227","https://openalex.org/W2014351994","https://openalex.org/W2015620132","https://openalex.org/W2015675278","https://openalex.org/W2018354254","https://openalex.org/W2023082882","https://openalex.org/W2030481232","https://openalex.org/W2037071856","https://openalex.org/W2046210341","https://openalex.org/W2049827513","https://openalex.org/W2050118268","https://openalex.org/W2069820899","https://openalex.org/W2070512596","https://openalex.org/W2072055628","https://openalex.org/W2076904135","https://openalex.org/W2083061291","https://openalex.org/W2085698185","https://openalex.org/W2089680916","https://openalex.org/W2090839329","https://openalex.org/W2093791422","https://openalex.org/W2094056275","https://openalex.org/W2094334758","https://openalex.org/W2106543613","https://openalex.org/W2108372438","https://openalex.org/W2124781113","https://openalex.org/W2131438174","https://openalex.org/W2135011950","https://openalex.org/W2145158371","https://openalex.org/W2152251188","https://openalex.org/W2152640741","https://openalex.org/W2154835046","https://openalex.org/W2156066376","https://openalex.org/W2156590593","https://openalex.org/W2157154835","https://openalex.org/W2157242556","https://openalex.org/W2158550732","https://openalex.org/W2159893879","https://openalex.org/W2161731329","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2169772601","https://openalex.org/W4233595236","https://openalex.org/W6662913602","https://openalex.org/W6678752068","https://openalex.org/W6683956367"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4239351380","https://openalex.org/W4238028212","https://openalex.org/W2963387968","https://openalex.org/W2080487419","https://openalex.org/W1486009484","https://openalex.org/W2510994359","https://openalex.org/W2146714472","https://openalex.org/W2361570780","https://openalex.org/W2149765389","https://openalex.org/W1520742015"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Remotely":[0],"sensed-based":[1],"estimates":[2],"of":[3,29,65,119,157,188],"dwelling":[4],"and":[5,11,18,37,63,84,89,98,108,125,130,135,147,162,191],"population":[6,161],"characteristics":[7,184],"can":[8,86,177],"provide":[9],"timely":[10],"spatially":[12],"explicit":[13],"information":[14,149],"for":[15],"urban":[16,76],"planning":[17],"development":[19],"in":[20,44,56,67,74],"emerging":[21],"cities.":[22,201],"This":[23],"exploratory":[24],"analysis":[25],"quantifies":[26],"spatial":[27,72,106,112,145,171],"features":[28,48,73,113,146,172],"built-up":[30],"areas":[31],"derived":[32,173],"from":[33,132,166,174],"high-resolution":[34],"satellite":[35,175],"imagery":[36,176],"directly":[38],"relates":[39],"them":[40],"to":[41,58,91,138,180,198],"census-derived":[42],"variables":[43],"Accra,":[45,189],"Ghana.":[46],"Spatial":[47],"are":[49],"image":[50],"metrics":[51],"that":[52,170,192],"analyze":[53],"pixel":[54],"groups":[55],"order":[57],"describe":[59],"the":[60,103,133,139,186],"geometry,":[61],"orientation,":[62],"patterns":[64,107],"objects":[66],"an":[68,75],"image.":[69],"By":[70],"using":[71],"setting,":[77],"city":[78,187],"infrastructure":[79],"variations,":[80],"such":[81,94,159],"as":[82,95,151,160],"roads":[83],"buildings,":[85],"be":[87,178,196],"quantified":[88,129],"related":[90],"census":[92,140],"variables,":[93,110],"living":[96,158],"standards":[97,156],"housing":[99,163],"conditions.":[100],"To":[101],"test":[102],"associations":[104],"between":[105],"demographic":[109],"five":[111],"(line":[114],"support":[115],"regions,":[116],"PanTex,":[117],"histograms":[118],"oriented":[120],"gradients,":[121],"local":[122],"binary":[123],"patterns,":[124],"Fourier":[126],"transform)":[127],"were":[128],"extracted":[131],"imagery,":[134],"then":[136],"correlated":[137],"variables.":[141],"Findings":[142],"indicate":[143],"both":[144],"spectral":[148],"(such":[150],"NDVI)":[152],"correlate":[153],"strongly":[154],"with":[155],"density.":[164],"Results":[165],"this":[167,193],"study":[168],"suggest":[169],"used":[179],"help":[181],"map":[182],"socioeconomic":[183],"within":[185],"Ghana,":[190],"methodology":[194],"may":[195],"transferable":[197],"other":[199],"developing":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
