{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2290265371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2016.2516014","title":"A Spatial Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm With Kernel Metric Based on Immune Clone for SAR Image Segmentation","display_name":"A Spatial Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm With Kernel Metric Based on Immune Clone for SAR Image Segmentation","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2290265371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2016.2516014","mag":"2290265371"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2016.2516014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2016.2516014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054791684","display_name":"Ronghua Shang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9124-696X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ronghua Shang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085889853","display_name":"Pingping Tian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pingping Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050630882","display_name":"Licheng Jiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3354-9617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Licheng Jiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005183926","display_name":"Rustam Stolkin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0890-8836"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rustam Stolkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045546082","display_name":"Jie Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8032-7542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043022387","display_name":"Biao Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1996-186X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Biao Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049776440","display_name":"Xiangrong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0379-2042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangrong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054791684"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1282,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":74,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95687792,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"4","first_page":"1640","last_page":"1652"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12391","display_name":"Artificial Immune Systems Applications","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12391","display_name":"Artificial Immune Systems Applications","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9786999821662903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7612572908401489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6817337870597839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6427572965621948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-distance","display_name":"Euclidean distance","score":0.6280263066291809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.6243610978126526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5883450508117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5834578275680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5308248400688171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.5062917470932007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.49685433506965637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation-based-object-categorization","display_name":"Segmentation-based object categorization","score":0.439119428396225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-space-segmentation","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","score":0.41641974449157715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.39658063650131226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2671358585357666}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7612572908401489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6817337870597839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6427572965621948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120174047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847073","display_name":"Euclidean distance","level":2,"score":0.6280263066291809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.6243610978126526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5883450508117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5834578275680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5308248400688171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.5062917470932007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.49685433506965637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25694479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7446278","display_name":"Segmentation-based object categorization","level":5,"score":0.439119428396225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65885262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7429708","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","level":4,"score":0.41641974449157715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.39658063650131226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2671358585357666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2016.2516014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2016.2516014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/bde0a350-ab03-4bed-9a80-72b8d521e966","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/en/publications/bde0a350-ab03-4bed-9a80-72b8d521e966","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402634","display_name":"University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Stolkin, R 2016, 'A spatial fuzzy clustering algorithm with kernel metric based on immune clone for SAR image segmentation', IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, vol. PP, no. 99, pp. 1 - 13. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2016.2516014","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1484498997","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NCET-12-0920","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334924","funder_display_name":"Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4891616274","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61271302","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7442798324","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61501353","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8716417039","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61371201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323230","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334924","display_name":"Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1589895371","https://openalex.org/W1604679511","https://openalex.org/W1673090216","https://openalex.org/W1967584880","https://openalex.org/W1973880112","https://openalex.org/W1978735535","https://openalex.org/W1991576946","https://openalex.org/W1992147426","https://openalex.org/W1995423783","https://openalex.org/W1995515053","https://openalex.org/W1996075740","https://openalex.org/W1997170591","https://openalex.org/W2000037452","https://openalex.org/W2012742622","https://openalex.org/W2015513598","https://openalex.org/W2016042651","https://openalex.org/W2020955519","https://openalex.org/W2022613107","https://openalex.org/W2027007720","https://openalex.org/W2031923818","https://openalex.org/W2038533573","https://openalex.org/W2049299219","https://openalex.org/W2053677366","https://openalex.org/W2056766567","https://openalex.org/W2070813603","https://openalex.org/W2074319623","https://openalex.org/W2085687954","https://openalex.org/W2098777834","https://openalex.org/W2104109662","https://openalex.org/W2108859253","https://openalex.org/W2108995755","https://openalex.org/W2113076747","https://openalex.org/W2115242586","https://openalex.org/W2115352014","https://openalex.org/W2119293286","https://openalex.org/W2127151921","https://openalex.org/W2132116135","https://openalex.org/W2136002239","https://openalex.org/W2137206388","https://openalex.org/W2145378482","https://openalex.org/W2164934768","https://openalex.org/W2165012164","https://openalex.org/W3141271671","https://openalex.org/W6637273799","https://openalex.org/W6650146928"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3144569342","https://openalex.org/W2945274617","https://openalex.org/W2185902295","https://openalex.org/W2103507220","https://openalex.org/W2055202857","https://openalex.org/W4205800335","https://openalex.org/W2371519352","https://openalex.org/W2386644571","https://openalex.org/W2372421320","https://openalex.org/W2901890255"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"fuzzy":[1],"c-means":[2],"(FCM)":[3],"clustering":[4],"algorithm":[5,31,68,81],"has":[6],"been":[7],"widely":[8],"used":[9,70,121],"in":[10,59,63,122],"image":[11],"segmentation.":[12],"However,":[13],"FCM":[14,30,53],"exhibits":[15],"poor":[16],"robustness":[17,91,154],"to":[18,22,34,43,71,92,124,155],"noise,":[19,156],"often":[20],"leading":[21],"unsatisfactory":[23],"segmentations":[24],"on":[25,84,111,134],"noisy":[26],"images.":[27],"Additionally,":[28],"the":[29,35,73,80,90,99,117,126,144,164],"is":[32,69],"sensitive":[33],"choice":[36],"of":[37,102,116],"initial":[38,74],"cluster":[39,75],"centers.":[40],"In":[41],"order":[42],"solve":[44],"these":[45],"problems,":[46],"this":[47],"paper":[48],"proposes":[49],"clone":[50,67],"kernel":[51],"spatial":[52,96],"(CKS_FCM),":[54],"which":[55,77,141],"improves":[56,89],"segmentation":[57,127],"performance":[58],"several":[60],"ways.":[61],"First,":[62],"CKS_FCM,":[64],"an":[65],"immune":[66],"generate":[72,148],"centers,":[76],"helps":[78],"prevent":[79],"from":[82,163],"converging":[83],"local":[85],"optima.":[86],"Second,":[87],"CKS_FCM":[88,105],"noise":[93],"by":[94],"incorporating":[95],"information":[97],"into":[98],"objective":[100],"function":[101],"FCM.":[103],"Third,":[104],"uses":[106],"a":[107,112],"non-Euclidean":[108],"distance":[109,119],"based":[110],"kernels":[113],"metric,":[114],"instead":[115],"Euclidean":[118],"conventionally":[120],"FCM,":[123],"enhance":[125],"accuracy":[128],"(SA).":[129],"We":[130],"present":[131],"experimental":[132],"results":[133],"both":[135],"real":[136],"and":[137,151],"synthetic":[138],"SAR":[139],"images,":[140],"suggest":[142],"that":[143],"proposed":[145],"method":[146],"can":[147],"higher":[149],"accuracy,":[150],"obtain":[152],"more":[153],"as":[157],"compared":[158],"against":[159],"six":[160],"state-of-the-art":[161],"methods":[162],"literatures.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
