{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2313224414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2487970","title":"Permafrost Subgrade Condition Assessment Using Extrapolation by Deterministic Deconvolution on Multifrequency GPR Data Acquired Along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway","display_name":"Permafrost Subgrade Condition Assessment Using Extrapolation by Deterministic Deconvolution on Multifrequency GPR Data Acquired Along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2313224414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2487970","mag":"2313224414"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2015.2487970","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2487970","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101430678","display_name":"Jianping Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8240-9509"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianping Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056635606","display_name":"Lanbo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6721-2460"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lanbo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101430678"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6408,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94093075,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"83","last_page":"90"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10572","display_name":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","score":0.898391842842102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subgrade","display_name":"Subgrade","score":0.6980115175247192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deconvolution","display_name":"Deconvolution","score":0.6229793429374695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.5990772247314453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extrapolation","display_name":"Extrapolation","score":0.5831743478775024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5658596754074097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permafrost","display_name":"Permafrost","score":0.5247214436531067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.49384480714797974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4427136778831482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2914956510066986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","score":0.2793855667114258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.09688335657119751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08657318353652954}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.898391842842102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182377489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q337829","display_name":"Subgrade","level":2,"score":0.6980115175247192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174576160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1183700","display_name":"Deconvolution","level":2,"score":0.6229793429374695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5990772247314453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132459708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744069","display_name":"Extrapolation","level":2,"score":0.5831743478775024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5658596754074097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15098985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179918","display_name":"Permafrost","level":2,"score":0.5247214436531067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.49384480714797974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4427136778831482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2914956510066986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2793855667114258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.09688335657119751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08657318353652954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2015.2487970","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2487970","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1463833695","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41274122","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2198825576","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201308430024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G813241127","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12JJ6033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W72492719","https://openalex.org/W1973379440","https://openalex.org/W1980273755","https://openalex.org/W1995074958","https://openalex.org/W1999542175","https://openalex.org/W2003017040","https://openalex.org/W2029553371","https://openalex.org/W2031554729","https://openalex.org/W2032974553","https://openalex.org/W2034232212","https://openalex.org/W2063777496","https://openalex.org/W2065790737","https://openalex.org/W2070701838","https://openalex.org/W2089141316","https://openalex.org/W2094857763","https://openalex.org/W2107964048","https://openalex.org/W2111157073","https://openalex.org/W2144033313","https://openalex.org/W2144535965","https://openalex.org/W2154957039","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6602944612","https://openalex.org/W6683270794"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2371977288","https://openalex.org/W2348702095","https://openalex.org/W2365030030","https://openalex.org/W2347989853","https://openalex.org/W4292092772","https://openalex.org/W2347499701","https://openalex.org/W2362937424","https://openalex.org/W2356509203","https://openalex.org/W2015275937","https://openalex.org/W2329678217"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Qinghai-Tibet":[1],"railway":[2,38,60,73,91],"(QTR)":[3],"stretches":[4],"1956":[5],"km":[6],"on":[7,40,115,164,181],"Tibetan":[8],"Plateau,":[9],"the":[10,13,20,33,56,103,116,123,134,140,159,174,192,211,224],"\u201croof":[11],"of":[12,22,32,36,59,136,197,199,213,229],"world\u201d":[14],"from":[15],"Xining":[16],"City,":[17],"Qinghai":[18],"to":[19,51,65,101,145,157,166,183,231],"City":[21],"Lhasa,":[23],"Tibet,":[24],"China.":[25],"About":[26],"one":[27],"half":[28],"(~":[29],"960":[30],"km)":[31],"total":[34],"length":[35],"this":[37,200],"is":[39,63,178,238],"permafrost":[41,215],"subgrades.":[42],"Frozen":[43],"earth":[44],"hazard":[45],"and":[46,54,69,88,138,153,188,216],"other":[47],"subgrade":[48,52,214,218],"problems":[49],"lead":[50],"instability":[53],"affect":[55],"normal":[57],"operation":[58],"transportation.":[61],"It":[62],"critical":[64],"develop":[66],"a":[67,82,97,111,146,185,207,239],"rapid":[68],"efficient":[70],"technique":[71,241],"for":[72,90,169,191,209,242],"foundation":[74],"defect":[75],"detection.":[76],"Multifrequency":[77],"ground-penetrating":[78],"radar":[79,176],"(GPR)":[80],"provides":[81],"good":[83],"tradeoff":[84],"between":[85],"imaging":[86],"depth":[87,113],"resolution":[89,107,187],"subgrades":[92],"inspection.":[93],"We":[94],"have":[95],"developed":[96],"signal":[98,109,121,177,243],"fusion":[99],"method":[100],"extrapolate":[102],"higher":[104,106,186],"frequency,":[105,118],"GPR":[108,161,233],"into":[110],"greater":[112,119],"based":[114,180],"lower":[117],"penetration":[120],"using":[122],"extrapolation":[124],"with":[125],"deterministic":[126],"deconvolution":[127],"(EDD)":[128],"algorithm.":[129],"This":[130],"paper":[131],"first":[132],"introduces":[133],"principles":[135],"EDD":[137,182,230],"demonstrates":[139],"procedure":[141],"by":[142],"applying":[143],"it":[144,237],"synthetic":[147],"data":[148,151,162,234],"set.":[149],"Next,":[150],"preprocessing":[152],"filtering":[154],"are":[155],"discussed":[156],"prepare":[158],"field":[160,227],"acquired":[163],"QTR":[165],"be":[167],"suitable":[168],"carrying":[170],"out":[171],"EDD.":[172],"Finally,":[173],"multifrequency":[175,232],"fused":[179,193],"reach":[184],"signal-to-noise":[189],"ratio":[190],"radargram":[194],"profile.":[195],"Examples":[196],"application":[198],"proposed":[201],"approach":[202],"at":[203],"three":[204],"sections":[205],"provide":[206],"demonstration":[208],"characterizing":[210],"status":[212],"recognizing":[217],"problem":[219],"in":[220],"different":[221],"depths":[222],"beneath":[223],"QTR.":[225],"Our":[226],"tests":[228],"demonstrate":[235],"that":[236],"promising":[240],"enhancement.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
