{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2205728179","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2469290","title":"Modeling Both Active and Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of Snow Using Dense Media Radiative Transfer (DMRT) Theory With Multiple Scattering and Backscattering Enhancement","display_name":"Modeling Both Active and Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of Snow Using Dense Media Radiative Transfer (DMRT) Theory With Multiple Scattering and Backscattering Enhancement","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2205728179","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2469290","mag":"2205728179"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2015.2469290","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2469290","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090060473","display_name":"Shurun Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7331-3484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shurun Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","Radiation Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiation Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046614825","display_name":"Wenmo Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenmo Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090757725","display_name":"Leung Tsang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3192-2799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leung Tsang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","Radiation Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiation Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081338321","display_name":"Juha Lemmetyinen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4434-9696"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285790362","display_name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05hppb561","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284112523","https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juha Lemmetyinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arctic Research Unit, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Helsinki, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arctic Research Unit, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022986839","display_name":"Martin Proksch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7126-6290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190249584","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck","ror":"https://ror.org/054pv6659","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Proksch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Meteorology and Geophysics (IMGI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria","WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos Dorf, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Meteorology and Geophysics (IMGI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos Dorf, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090060473"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6392,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":94,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9610334,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"9","first_page":"4418","last_page":"4430"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.7106192708015442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-transfer","display_name":"Radiative transfer","score":0.6458150148391724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.5529204607009888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/born-approximation","display_name":"Born approximation","score":0.540726363658905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mie-scattering","display_name":"Mie scattering","score":0.5010793209075928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-physics","display_name":"Computational physics","score":0.4050069749355316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-scattering","display_name":"Light scattering","score":0.3062018156051636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2688264846801758}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.7106192708015442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.6458150148391724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5529204607009888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71083448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39325","display_name":"Born approximation","level":3,"score":0.540726363658905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63688654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901737","display_name":"Mie scattering","level":4,"score":0.5010793209075928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.4050069749355316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120456961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Light scattering","level":3,"score":0.3062018156051636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2688264846801758}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2015.2469290","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2469290","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dora:wsl_5495","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A5495","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401379","display_name":"DORA WSL (Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800262456","host_organization_name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800262456"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3543708650","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22671/09/NL/JA/ef","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","funder_display_name":"European Space Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","display_name":"European Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9za21"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W187501538","https://openalex.org/W1484155048","https://openalex.org/W1588167619","https://openalex.org/W1661217331","https://openalex.org/W1661856146","https://openalex.org/W1965844277","https://openalex.org/W1973527930","https://openalex.org/W1978524841","https://openalex.org/W1987152928","https://openalex.org/W2011911270","https://openalex.org/W2049307092","https://openalex.org/W2079289230","https://openalex.org/W2084187322","https://openalex.org/W2094728101","https://openalex.org/W2104369104","https://openalex.org/W2107281965","https://openalex.org/W2114002713","https://openalex.org/W2132468394","https://openalex.org/W2132977795","https://openalex.org/W2136366922","https://openalex.org/W2144423472","https://openalex.org/W2154675655","https://openalex.org/W2167759396","https://openalex.org/W2169737562","https://openalex.org/W2341956452","https://openalex.org/W2342483206","https://openalex.org/W2478698305","https://openalex.org/W6607738494","https://openalex.org/W6641768445"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W268862413","https://openalex.org/W4321519047","https://openalex.org/W1968229634","https://openalex.org/W2154468134","https://openalex.org/W2322021969","https://openalex.org/W1981068248","https://openalex.org/W2360647567","https://openalex.org/W1965407013","https://openalex.org/W2044619931","https://openalex.org/W2039841743"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,187],"this":[1,188],"paper,":[2,189],"we":[3,190],"incorporate":[4],"the":[5,27,38,45,51,68,96,100,146,165,168,174,176,192,198,243,275,283,300],"cyclical":[6,33,104,156,195,224,246],"terms":[7,34,98,105,157],"in":[8,80,108,137,158,184,253,274,282,308,318],"dense":[9],"media":[10,236],"radiative":[11,160],"transfer":[12,161],"(DMRT)":[13],"theory":[14,93,230],"to":[15,42,74,117,145,205,241,269],"model":[16,43,53,70,88,238,265,289],"combined":[17],"active":[18,46,75,212,295,320],"and":[19,47,76,79,112,172,234,296,311,321],"passive":[20,48,77,138,297,322],"microwave":[21],"remote":[22,139],"sensing":[23,140],"of":[24,32,87,99,134,149,155,167,180,194,200,208,261,286,303,306],"snow":[25,284,307],"over":[26],"same":[28,52,177,301],"scene.":[29],"The":[30,90,103,153,211,245,263,288],"inclusion":[31,154],"is":[35,40,56,133,143,215,266],"crucial":[36],"if":[37],"DMRT":[39,69,92,201,213],"used":[41,240],"both":[44],"contributions":[49],"with":[50,83,231,255,271],"parameters.":[54,89],"This":[55,115,131],"a":[57,63,84,124,218,256],"necessity":[58],"when":[59],"setting":[60],"out":[61],"on":[62],"joint":[64],"active/passive":[65],"retrieval.":[66],"Previously,":[67],"has":[71],"been":[72],"applied":[73,268],"separately,":[78],"each":[81],"case":[82],"separate":[85],"set":[86,302],"traditional":[91],"only":[94],"includes":[95],"ladder":[97],"Feynman":[101],"diagrams.":[102],"are":[106,239,291],"important":[107],"multiple":[109,209,319],"volume":[110],"scattering":[111,151,237],"volume-surface":[113,185],"interactions.":[114,186],"leads":[116],"backscattering":[118],"enhancement":[119,166],"which":[120],"represents":[121],"itself":[122],"as":[123,178],"narrow":[125],"peak":[126],"centered":[127],"at":[128],"backward":[129],"direction.":[130],"effect":[132],"less":[135],"significance":[136],"since":[141],"emissivity":[142],"relating":[144],"angular":[147],"integral":[148],"bistatic":[150],"coefficients.":[152],"first-order":[159],"(RT)":[162],"accounts":[163],"for":[164],"double":[169],"bounce":[170],"contribution":[171],"makes":[173],"results":[175,290],"that":[179],"distorted":[181],"Born":[182],"approximation":[183,228],"develop":[191],"methodology":[193],"corrections":[196],"within":[197],"framework":[199],"beyond":[202],"first":[203],"order":[204],"all":[206,309],"orders":[207],"scattering.":[210],"equation":[214],"solved":[216],"using":[217,299],"numerical":[219],"iterative":[220],"approach":[221],"followed":[222],"by":[223],"corrections.":[225],"Both":[226],"quasi-crystalline":[227],"(QCA)-Mie":[229],"sticky":[232],"spheres":[233],"bicontinuous":[235],"illustrate":[242],"results.":[244],"correlation":[247],"introduces":[248],"around":[249],"1":[250],"dB":[251],"increase":[252],"backscatter":[254],"moderate":[257],"snowpack":[258],"optical":[259],"thickness":[260],"${\\sim}\\text{0.2}$.":[262],"bicontinuous/DMRT":[264],"next":[267],"compare":[270],"data":[272],"acquired":[273],"Nordic":[276],"Snow":[277],"Radar":[278],"Experiment":[279],"(NoSREx)":[280],"campaign":[281],"season":[285],"2010-2011.":[287],"validated":[292],"against":[293],"coincidental":[294],"measurements":[298],"physical":[304],"parameters":[305],"frequency":[310],"polarization":[312],"channels.":[313,323],"Results":[314],"show":[315],"good":[316],"agreement":[317]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}