{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2202811667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2468597","title":"A Realistic FDTD Numerical Modeling Framework of Ground Penetrating Radar for Landmine Detection","display_name":"A Realistic FDTD Numerical Modeling Framework of Ground Penetrating Radar for Landmine Detection","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2202811667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2468597","mag":"2202811667"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2015.2468597","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2468597","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/7394958/07229259.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/7394958/07229259.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067068217","display_name":"Iraklis Giannakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7672-8992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Iraklis Giannakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002239686","display_name":"Antonios Giannopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7108-6997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonios Giannopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025846704","display_name":"Craig Warren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0777-7002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craig Warren","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067068217"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":23.2041,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":188,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99761723,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"37","last_page":"51"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11263","display_name":"Electromagnetic Simulation and Numerical Methods","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","score":0.9504590034484863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-difference-time-domain-method","display_name":"Finite-difference time-domain method","score":0.8171948194503784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractal","display_name":"Fractal","score":0.5309904217720032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permittivity","display_name":"Permittivity","score":0.5233263969421387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuation","display_name":"Attenuation","score":0.5076700448989868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4862715005874634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.46375396847724915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.4540482461452484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.430501788854599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.34455955028533936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-science","display_name":"Soil science","score":0.331644207239151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.29342901706695557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2082500159740448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.20775526762008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17424774169921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10545822978019714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08917948603630066}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.9504590034484863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184880428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417308","display_name":"Finite-difference time-domain method","level":2,"score":0.8171948194503784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40636538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81392","display_name":"Fractal","level":2,"score":0.5309904217720032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168651791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211569","display_name":"Permittivity","level":3,"score":0.5233263969421387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.5076700448989868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4862715005874634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.46375396847724915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.4540482461452484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.430501788854599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.34455955028533936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.331644207239151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.29342901706695557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2082500159740448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.20775526762008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17424774169921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10545822978019714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08917948603630066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2015.2468597","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2468597","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/7394958/07229259.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aura.abdn.ac.uk:2164/14135","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2164/14135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400966","display_name":"Aberdeen University Research Archive (Aberdeen University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I195460627","host_organization_name":"University of Aberdeen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nrl.northumbria.ac.uk:31291","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/31291/1/Giannakis%20et%20al%20-%20A%20realistic%20FDTD%20numerical%20modeling%20framework%20of%20ground%20penetrating%20radar%20for%20landmine%20detection.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401884","display_name":"Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","host_organization_name":"Northumbria University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/214755e0-2acd-4322-8620-c5367ce2cbc8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/214755e0-2acd-4322-8620-c5367ce2cbc8","pdf_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/files/21683763/A_Realistic_FDTD_Numerical_Modelling_Framework.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Giannakis, I, Giannopoulos, A & Warren, C 2016, 'A Realistic FDTD Numerical Modeling Framework of Ground Penetrating Radar for Landmine Detection', IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 37 - 51. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2015.2468597","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3d194c690a314b56996254614b05ca47","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3d194c690a314b56996254614b05ca47","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 37-51 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/214755e0-2acd-4322-8620-c5367ce2cbc8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84940760211&partnerID=8YFLogxK","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.uwl.ac.uk:5012","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/5012/1/stamp.jsp_tp%3D%26arnumber%3D7229259","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402477","display_name":"UWL Repository (University of West London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177463362","host_organization_name":"University of West London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177463362"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2015.2468597","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2468597","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/7394958/07229259.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1934935867","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Engineering and Physical Sciences R","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332972","display_name":"Defence Science and Technology Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04jswqb94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335334","display_name":"Defence Science and Technology Group","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2202811667.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2202811667.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":97,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1582934392","https://openalex.org/W1599869189","https://openalex.org/W1659860163","https://openalex.org/W1733802690","https://openalex.org/W1975728884","https://openalex.org/W1989253738","https://openalex.org/W1995676681","https://openalex.org/W1996429927","https://openalex.org/W1996761355","https://openalex.org/W1998239584","https://openalex.org/W1998977859","https://openalex.org/W1999738916","https://openalex.org/W2003017040","https://openalex.org/W2013416548","https://openalex.org/W2013804625","https://openalex.org/W2016561122","https://openalex.org/W2017628301","https://openalex.org/W2018464026","https://openalex.org/W2021369761","https://openalex.org/W2023172332","https://openalex.org/W2027901205","https://openalex.org/W2028239649","https://openalex.org/W2031636205","https://openalex.org/W2034972967","https://openalex.org/W2039458843","https://openalex.org/W2044018367","https://openalex.org/W2044927495","https://openalex.org/W2045240117","https://openalex.org/W2057051955","https://openalex.org/W2058090131","https://openalex.org/W2059906541","https://openalex.org/W2061757044","https://openalex.org/W2065790737","https://openalex.org/W2066462894","https://openalex.org/W2070434083","https://openalex.org/W2071265088","https://openalex.org/W2072597757","https://openalex.org/W2073272379","https://openalex.org/W2081239232","https://openalex.org/W2081414755","https://openalex.org/W2084670992","https://openalex.org/W2085985380","https://openalex.org/W2086177422","https://openalex.org/W2087906424","https://openalex.org/W2088985158","https://openalex.org/W2090843874","https://openalex.org/W2093338775","https://openalex.org/W2100369874","https://openalex.org/W2105350403","https://openalex.org/W2108676232","https://openalex.org/W2110922808","https://openalex.org/W2111846395","https://openalex.org/W2112947358","https://openalex.org/W2114530893","https://openalex.org/W2115502793","https://openalex.org/W2115563030","https://openalex.org/W2118895290","https://openalex.org/W2121479138","https://openalex.org/W2130039915","https://openalex.org/W2131420938","https://openalex.org/W2137128002","https://openalex.org/W2137425275","https://openalex.org/W2138144886","https://openalex.org/W2139433721","https://openalex.org/W2141442504","https://openalex.org/W2142063750","https://openalex.org/W2145593771","https://openalex.org/W2146417124","https://openalex.org/W2146947482","https://openalex.org/W2147250050","https://openalex.org/W2147636064","https://openalex.org/W2148520073","https://openalex.org/W2148612400","https://openalex.org/W2149480553","https://openalex.org/W2150412836","https://openalex.org/W2152195021","https://openalex.org/W2155411643","https://openalex.org/W2155926469","https://openalex.org/W2157375470","https://openalex.org/W2157503452","https://openalex.org/W2158291572","https://openalex.org/W2162613661","https://openalex.org/W2163023548","https://openalex.org/W2164393577","https://openalex.org/W2167657634","https://openalex.org/W2321023276","https://openalex.org/W2322106631","https://openalex.org/W2531561562","https://openalex.org/W2745651207","https://openalex.org/W3041029062","https://openalex.org/W3146911001","https://openalex.org/W3149976863","https://openalex.org/W4236960299","https://openalex.org/W6637366373","https://openalex.org/W6665920225","https://openalex.org/W6681104185","https://openalex.org/W6743142803"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4315471419","https://openalex.org/W2946057701","https://openalex.org/W4386931161","https://openalex.org/W2374146176","https://openalex.org/W2065249286","https://openalex.org/W2366839571","https://openalex.org/W4223960160","https://openalex.org/W2027762722","https://openalex.org/W2513278879","https://openalex.org/W2072954282"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,108],"three-dimensional":[1],"(3-D)":[2],"finite-difference":[3],"time-domain":[4],"(FDTD)":[5],"algorithm":[6],"is":[7,50,114,176,195],"used":[8,115,188],"in":[9,66,91,98,171,223],"order":[10,99],"to":[11,86,100,155],"simulate":[12,101,156],"ground":[13],"penetrating":[14],"radar":[15],"(GPR)":[16],"for":[17,26,116,189,207],"landmine":[18,190],"detection.":[19],"Two":[20],"bowtie":[21],"GPR":[22,185,210],"transducers":[23],"are":[24,40,64,77,95,153,168,227],"chosen":[25],"the":[27,45,92,102,105,117,121,126,129,132,136,172,182],"simulations":[28],"and":[29,38,48,57,128,147,165,174,213,216],"two":[30],"widely":[31],"employed":[32,97,154],"antipersonnel":[33],"(AP)":[34],"landmines,":[35],"namely":[36],"PMA-1":[37],"PMN":[39],"used.":[41],"The":[42,60,71],"validity":[43],"of":[44,74,104,120,131,184],"modeled":[46,61,78],"antennas":[47],"landmines":[49,63],"tested":[51],"through":[52],"a":[53,67,205,225],"comparison":[54],"between":[55],"numerical":[56],"laboratory":[58],"measurements.":[59],"AP":[62],"buried":[65],"realistically":[68],"simulated":[69],"soil.":[70],"geometrical":[72],"characteristics":[73],"soil's":[75,106,137],"inhomogeneity":[76],"using":[79,221],"fractal":[80],"correlated":[81],"noise,":[82],"which":[83,123],"gives":[84],"rise":[85],"Gaussian":[87],"semivariograms":[88],"often":[89],"encountered":[90],"field.":[93],"Fractals":[94],"also":[96,169],"roughness":[103],"surface.":[107],"frequency-dependent":[109],"complex":[110,158],"electrical":[111,159],"permittivity":[112],"model":[113],"dielectric":[118],"properties":[119],"soil,":[122],"relates":[124],"both":[125],"velocity":[127],"attenuation":[130],"electromagnetic":[133],"waves":[134],"with":[135],"bulk":[138],"density,":[139,142],"sand":[140,145],"particles":[141],"clay":[143],"fraction,":[144,146],"volumetric":[148],"water":[149,166],"fraction.":[150],"Debye":[151],"functions":[152],"this":[157,198],"permittivity.":[160],"Background":[161],"features":[162],"like":[163],"vegetation":[164],"puddles":[167],"included":[170],"models":[173],"it":[175,222],"shown":[177],"that":[178,197],"they":[179],"can":[180],"affect":[181],"performance":[183],"at":[186],"frequencies":[187],"detection":[191],"(0.5-3":[192],"GHz).":[193],"It":[194],"envisaged":[196],"modeling":[199],"framework":[200],"would":[201],"be":[202],"useful":[203],"as":[204],"testbed":[206],"developing":[208],"novel":[209],"signal":[211],"processing":[212],"interpretations":[214],"procedures":[215],"some":[217],"preliminary":[218],"results":[219],"from":[220],"such":[224],"way":[226],"presented.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
