{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2198559039","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2440332","title":"Quantifying Spatiotemporal Variability of Controls on Microwave Emission From Snow-Covered Mountainous Regions","display_name":"Quantifying Spatiotemporal Variability of Controls on Microwave Emission From Snow-Covered Mountainous Regions","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2198559039","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2440332","mag":"2198559039"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2015.2440332","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2440332","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100683856","display_name":"Dongyue Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2566-7851"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dongyue Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth Sciences and Byrd Polar Research Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth Sciences and Byrd Polar Research Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058673797","display_name":"Michael Durand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2682-6196"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Durand","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth Sciences and Byrd Polar Research Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth Sciences and Byrd Polar Research Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064340746","display_name":"S. A. Margulis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7581-2511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven A. Margulis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100683856"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4514,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69412238,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"9","first_page":"4478","last_page":"4488"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiance","display_name":"Radiance","score":0.9195327162742615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6986953616142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6529203057289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness-temperature","display_name":"Brightness temperature","score":0.6388124227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.5333967208862305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.455554336309433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometer","display_name":"Radiometer","score":0.4245692491531372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness","display_name":"Brightness","score":0.4075491428375244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.36175110936164856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.18867996335029602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1645336151123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14202547073364258}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23690007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411145","display_name":"Radiance","level":2,"score":0.9195327162742615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6986953616142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6529203057289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53802167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4538627","display_name":"Brightness temperature","level":3,"score":0.6388124227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.5333967208862305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.455554336309433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120189094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850281","display_name":"Radiometer","level":2,"score":0.4245692491531372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125245961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221656","display_name":"Brightness","level":2,"score":0.4075491428375244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.36175110936164856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.18867996335029602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1645336151123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14202547073364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2015.2440332","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2440332","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3647705752","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0943551","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5490778422","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0943681","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6161452112","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNX13AN53H","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8163536007","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNX13AB63G","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1244545783","https://openalex.org/W1489614333","https://openalex.org/W1927614401","https://openalex.org/W1993675651","https://openalex.org/W1996291952","https://openalex.org/W1998490326","https://openalex.org/W2006025735","https://openalex.org/W2019502706","https://openalex.org/W2035418078","https://openalex.org/W2036842696","https://openalex.org/W2050830693","https://openalex.org/W2056276745","https://openalex.org/W2058776629","https://openalex.org/W2063238856","https://openalex.org/W2068380000","https://openalex.org/W2084187322","https://openalex.org/W2087341643","https://openalex.org/W2098886339","https://openalex.org/W2102160434","https://openalex.org/W2103497845","https://openalex.org/W2103794190","https://openalex.org/W2104822766","https://openalex.org/W2121903748","https://openalex.org/W2123252455","https://openalex.org/W2150826936","https://openalex.org/W2159769116","https://openalex.org/W2171458912","https://openalex.org/W2801348287","https://openalex.org/W4289259613","https://openalex.org/W6628188352"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2392000060","https://openalex.org/W2005469652","https://openalex.org/W2156895286","https://openalex.org/W2095031291","https://openalex.org/W2058798713","https://openalex.org/W2109138921","https://openalex.org/W1983414154","https://openalex.org/W2157152915","https://openalex.org/W2140822038","https://openalex.org/W2005230581"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Using":[0],"passive":[1],"microwave":[2,26,63,103,191],"(PM)":[3],"remote":[4],"sensing":[5],"to":[6,40,82,100,140,193,202,253,354],"estimate":[7],"snow":[8,177,243,256,331,345,355,384,387],"water":[9],"equivalent":[10],"(SWE)":[11],"in":[12,70,208,255,377,401],"mountainous":[13,153],"areas":[14,379,405],"is":[15,98,126,277],"challenging,":[16],"because":[17],"the":[18,21,43,58,66,71,84,92,101,111,114,143,151,189,195,211,218,233,246,273,288,299,313,319,335,378,393,402],"interactions":[19,36],"between":[20],"mountain":[22,46,93],"environmental":[23,158,169,186,199,238,248],"variables":[24,159,170,187],"and":[25,88,181,201,245,259,261,263,283,293,308,315,324,347,360,372,382,389,396],"emission":[27],"are":[28,221,266,350,363],"very":[29],"complex;":[30],"a":[31,79,134,148,242],"better":[32,141],"understanding":[33],"of":[34,45,57,113,150,157,197,210,236,269,287,298,318,330,369],"these":[35,168,185],"will":[37],"be":[38],"helpful":[39],"ultimately":[41],"improve":[42],"estimation":[44],"SWE":[47,262,276,292,303,307],"with":[48,91,188,224,251,380,406],"PM.":[49],"In":[50,214],"this":[51,215],"study,":[52,81,216],"we":[53],"performed":[54],"an":[55],"analysis":[56],"36.5-GHz":[59],"vertical":[60],"polarization":[61],"(V-Pol)":[62],"radiance":[64,86,97,145,192,212,289,320],"over":[65,241,312,334],"Upper":[67,336],"Kern":[68,337],"basin":[69],"southern":[72],"Sierra":[73],"Nevada":[74],"that":[75,232],"was":[76,131],"simulated":[77],"for":[78,106,272,366],"previous":[80],"interpret":[83],"spatiotemporal":[85],"variability":[87,146],"its":[89],"connection":[90],"environment.":[94],"The":[95,129,328],"modeled":[96,115,190],"close":[99],"advanced":[102],"scanning":[104],"radiometer":[105],"EOS":[107],"(AMSR-E)":[108],"observed":[109],"radiance;":[110],"RMSE":[112],"dry":[116,383],"season":[117],"basin-scale":[118],"brightness":[119],"temperature":[120,343,361],"(T":[121],"<sub":[122,374,398],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[123,375,399],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">b</sub>":[124,376,400],")":[125],"3.1":[127],"K.":[128],"modeling":[130,166],"conducted":[132],"at":[133],"high":[135],"spatial":[136,300,340,367],"resolution":[137],"(90":[138],"m)":[139],"characterize":[142],"significant":[144,223,351],"as":[147],"result":[149],"complex":[152],"terrain.":[154],"A":[155],"set":[156],"has":[160],"been":[161],"explicitly":[162],"parameterized":[163],"into":[164],"each":[165,198,204,237],"pixel;":[167],"include":[171],"elevation,":[172,260],"fractional":[173],"vegetation":[174,282,323],"coverage,":[175],"SWE,":[176],"grain":[178,264,294,309,332,356,370,394],"size,":[179],"aspect,":[180],"slope.":[182],"We":[183,230],"correlated":[184],"explore":[194],"effects":[196],"control,":[200],"quantify":[203],"variable's":[205],"explanatory":[206],"power":[207,235],"terms":[209],"variability.":[213,301,341],"all":[217],"correlation":[219],"calculations":[220],"statistically":[222],"confidence":[225],"level":[226],"higher":[227],"than":[228,279],"95%.":[229],"found":[231],"controlling":[234],"factor":[239],"varies":[240],"season,":[244],"dominating":[247,270],"factors":[249,271,352],"change":[250],"respect":[252],"increase":[254],"accumulation.":[257],"Vegetation":[258],"size":[265,295,310,333,371,395],"two":[267],"sets":[268],"radiance:":[274],"when":[275],"less":[278],"0.01":[280,305],"m,":[281,306],"elevation":[284,325,404],"explain":[285,296,316,326],"55%":[286],"variability,":[290,321],"while":[291,322,386],"29%":[297],"When":[302],"exceeds":[304],"take":[311],"dominance":[314],"56%":[317],"25%.":[327],"distribution":[329],"exhibits":[338],"large":[339],"Snowpack":[342],"gradient,":[344],"age,":[346],"wet":[348,390],"metamorphism":[349,391],"related":[353],"growth.":[357],"Snow":[358],"age":[359,388],"gradient":[362],"equally":[364],"dominant":[365],"patterns":[368],"T":[373,397],"deep":[381],"cover,":[385],"dominate":[392],"low":[403],"shallow":[407],"snow.":[408]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
