{"id":"https://openalex.org/W91015217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2431821","title":"TerraSAR-X Staring Spotlight Mode Optimization and Global Performance Predictions","display_name":"TerraSAR-X Staring Spotlight Mode Optimization and Global Performance Predictions","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-06-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W91015217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2431821","mag":"91015217"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2015.2431821","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2431821","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101627373","display_name":"Thomas Kraus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9486-7371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Kraus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microwaves and Radar Institute, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","Microwaves and Radar Institute German Aerospace Center (DLR) Oberpfaffenhofen Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwaves and Radar Institute, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwaves and Radar Institute German Aerospace Center (DLR) Oberpfaffenhofen Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065643119","display_name":"Benjamin Br\u00e4utigam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Brautigam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microwaves and Radar Institute, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","Microwaves and Radar Institute German Aerospace Center (DLR) Oberpfaffenhofen Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwaves and Radar Institute, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwaves and Radar Institute German Aerospace Center (DLR) Oberpfaffenhofen Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069597533","display_name":"Josef Mittermayer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7238-4240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josef Mittermayer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microwaves and Radar Institute, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","Microwaves and Radar Institute German Aerospace Center (DLR) Oberpfaffenhofen Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwaves and Radar Institute, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwaves and Radar Institute German Aerospace Center (DLR) Oberpfaffenhofen Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090188456","display_name":"Steffen Wollstadt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3602-762X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steffen Wollstadt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microwaves and Radar Institute, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","Microwaves and Radar Institute German Aerospace Center (DLR) Oberpfaffenhofen Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwaves and Radar Institute, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwaves and Radar Institute German Aerospace Center (DLR) Oberpfaffenhofen Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013615717","display_name":"Christo Grigorov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1501-1469"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christo Grigorov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microwaves and Radar Institute, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","Microwaves and Radar Institute German Aerospace Center (DLR) Oberpfaffenhofen Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwaves and Radar Institute, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwaves and Radar Institute German Aerospace Center (DLR) Oberpfaffenhofen Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101627373"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":63.2229,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99564484,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"3","first_page":"1015","last_page":"1027"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/staring","display_name":"Staring","score":0.9257818460464478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6907151341438293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","score":0.6393370032310486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.6287676692008972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operationalization","display_name":"Operationalization","score":0.529442548751831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5081713199615479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.49313777685165405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4229735732078552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.35507750511169434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22126325964927673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14425134658813477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.09984338283538818}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778949103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600717","display_name":"Staring","level":2,"score":0.9257818460464478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6907151341438293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.6393370032310486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.6287676692008972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9354725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286017","display_name":"Operationalization","level":2,"score":0.529442548751831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5081713199615479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.49313777685165405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4229735732078552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.35507750511169434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22126325964927673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14425134658813477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09984338283538818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2015.2431821","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2431821","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:elib.dlr.de:92033","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2431821>.","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196266","display_name":"elib (German Aerospace Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321602","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323803","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Wirtschaft und Energie","ror":"https://ror.org/02vgg2808"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19373477","https://openalex.org/W86549454","https://openalex.org/W92687703","https://openalex.org/W105703916","https://openalex.org/W120698998","https://openalex.org/W1495772998","https://openalex.org/W1595367758","https://openalex.org/W1600455797","https://openalex.org/W1667669159","https://openalex.org/W1966878029","https://openalex.org/W2011673809","https://openalex.org/W2051188981","https://openalex.org/W2111460811","https://openalex.org/W2114459594","https://openalex.org/W2117824104","https://openalex.org/W2125160827","https://openalex.org/W2132233458","https://openalex.org/W2155140153","https://openalex.org/W2157664157","https://openalex.org/W2166274301","https://openalex.org/W2169788685","https://openalex.org/W2171466305","https://openalex.org/W2186657593","https://openalex.org/W2249798464","https://openalex.org/W2321585011","https://openalex.org/W3000404927","https://openalex.org/W4205279868","https://openalex.org/W6600780792","https://openalex.org/W6603773668","https://openalex.org/W6604360915","https://openalex.org/W6604884019","https://openalex.org/W6629543783","https://openalex.org/W6686838518","https://openalex.org/W7028429929"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2357097809","https://openalex.org/W2944277854","https://openalex.org/W2258359646","https://openalex.org/W2493324121","https://openalex.org/W1671789924","https://openalex.org/W2483613126","https://openalex.org/W4234402960","https://openalex.org/W2068843146","https://openalex.org/W2462749609","https://openalex.org/W2391592989"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"the":[1,25,33,43,50,53,55,72,76,79,98,117],"TerraSAR-X":[2,36],"mission,":[3],"a":[4,84,106],"new":[5],"staring":[6,39],"spotlight":[7,40],"mode":[8,99],"has":[9,57],"been":[10,21,58],"implemented":[11],"delivering":[12],"very":[13],"high":[14],"azimuth":[15],"resolution.":[16],"Detailed":[17],"performance":[18,94,109],"analyses":[19,95],"have":[20],"conducted":[22,96],"to":[23,32,74],"optimize":[24],"commanding":[26,81],"parameters":[27,82],"for":[28,97,116],"this":[29],"mode.":[30],"Compared":[31],"previously":[34],"available":[35],"imaging":[37],"modes,":[38],"requires":[41],"operating":[42],"instrument":[44],"with":[45],"minimum":[46],"margins":[47],"and":[48,68,101,104,126],"at":[49],"edge":[51],"of":[52,78,92,119],"specifications,":[54],"radar":[56],"designed":[59],"for.":[60],"Therefore,":[61],"an":[62,90],"additional":[63],"step-a":[64],"global":[65,85,108],"acquisition":[66],"simulation":[67],"analysis-is":[69],"introduced":[70],"during":[71],"operationalization":[73],"ensure":[75],"suitability":[77],"derived":[80],"on":[83],"scale.":[86],"This":[87],"paper":[88],"gives":[89],"overview":[91],"SAR":[93,121],"optimization":[100],"implementation":[102],"phases":[103],"presents":[105],"novel":[107],"assessment":[110],"approach,":[111],"which":[112],"is":[113],"generally":[114],"applicable":[115],"verification":[118],"operational":[120],"modes.":[122],"Additionally,":[123],"measurement":[124],"results":[125],"exemplary":[127],"acquisitions":[128],"are":[129],"shown.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}