{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2118332032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2420713","title":"Combining Pixel- and Object-Based Machine Learning for Identification of Water-Body Types From Urban High-Resolution Remote-Sensing Imagery","display_name":"Combining Pixel- and Object-Based Machine Learning for Identification of Water-Body Types From Urban High-Resolution Remote-Sensing Imagery","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-04-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2118332032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2420713","mag":"2118332032"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2015.2420713","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2420713","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031729932","display_name":"Xin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5625-0338"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","State Key Laboratory of Information, Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information, Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106723036","display_name":"Cong Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5760-7522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cong Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","State Key Laboratory of Information, Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information, Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101620911","display_name":"Xing Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5047-7729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100673818","display_name":"Liangpei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6890-3650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liangpei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","State Key Laboratory of Information, Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information, Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6245,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":165,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94812878,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"5","first_page":"2097","last_page":"2110"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9678999781608582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"Urbanization","score":0.5958563685417175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5892561674118042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.571270763874054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","score":0.5674107074737549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.522379457950592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4997124671936035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-resources","display_name":"Water resources","score":0.4570363759994507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4482819139957428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.437486469745636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-planning","display_name":"Urban planning","score":0.42915576696395874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.4224846363067627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.37482380867004395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36506134271621704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.28197914361953735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.08366161584854126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07974347472190857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-engineering","display_name":"Civil engineering","score":0.07588362693786621}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.5958563685417175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5892561674118042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.571270763874054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117797892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286363","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5674107074737549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.522379457950592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4997124671936035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153823671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049799","display_name":"Water resources","level":2,"score":0.4570363759994507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4482819139957428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.437486469745636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49545453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Urban planning","level":2,"score":0.42915576696395874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.4224846363067627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.37482380867004395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36506134271621704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.28197914361953735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.08366161584854126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07974347472190857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.07588362693786621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2015.2420713","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2420713","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6319047720","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201348","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321769","funder_display_name":"Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of the People's Republic of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6854482550","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"91338111","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321769","display_name":"Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of the People's Republic of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W46659105","https://openalex.org/W1515788772","https://openalex.org/W1980747470","https://openalex.org/W1981426828","https://openalex.org/W1989174391","https://openalex.org/W1994472027","https://openalex.org/W1995581599","https://openalex.org/W2021833436","https://openalex.org/W2025657255","https://openalex.org/W2042255844","https://openalex.org/W2044465660","https://openalex.org/W2045839683","https://openalex.org/W2061380449","https://openalex.org/W2063623478","https://openalex.org/W2064366162","https://openalex.org/W2067197015","https://openalex.org/W2076320853","https://openalex.org/W2077509829","https://openalex.org/W2077792904","https://openalex.org/W2085665642","https://openalex.org/W2089367555","https://openalex.org/W2101365302","https://openalex.org/W2101678239","https://openalex.org/W2111072639","https://openalex.org/W2113242816","https://openalex.org/W2123341476","https://openalex.org/W2126326837","https://openalex.org/W2136251662","https://openalex.org/W2142012908","https://openalex.org/W2148239836","https://openalex.org/W2149706766","https://openalex.org/W2150045166","https://openalex.org/W2158371300","https://openalex.org/W2168880067","https://openalex.org/W2187708697","https://openalex.org/W2326674917","https://openalex.org/W2330820318","https://openalex.org/W2357838804","https://openalex.org/W2359865404","https://openalex.org/W2365695844","https://openalex.org/W2912934387","https://openalex.org/W3085162807","https://openalex.org/W3140762456","https://openalex.org/W4212883601","https://openalex.org/W4236137412","https://openalex.org/W6602002561","https://openalex.org/W6684809075","https://openalex.org/W6686558780","https://openalex.org/W6707834764","https://openalex.org/W7025364889"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2392907783","https://openalex.org/W1985072978","https://openalex.org/W891751532","https://openalex.org/W2375489112","https://openalex.org/W2370838374","https://openalex.org/W2354222596","https://openalex.org/W2392291083","https://openalex.org/W2353135038","https://openalex.org/W2381059267","https://openalex.org/W2347277971"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Water":[0,22],"is":[1,100,167],"one":[2],"of":[3,46,50,82,115,148],"the":[4,8,32,40,71,80,104,125,129,142,161,170,191],"vital":[5],"components":[6],"for":[7,56,102,160,197],"ecological":[9],"environment,":[10],"which":[11],"plays":[12],"an":[13],"important":[14],"role":[15],"in":[16,24,36,179,213],"human":[17],"survival":[18],"and":[19,43,53,90,134,150,172,183,205],"socioeconomic":[20],"development.":[21],"resources":[23],"urban":[25,57,83,108,215],"areas":[26],"are":[27,49,122,132,138,153],"gradually":[28],"decreasing":[29],"due":[30],"to":[31,74],"rapid":[33],"urbanization,":[34],"especially":[35],"developing":[37],"countries.":[38],"Therefore,":[39],"precise":[41],"extraction":[42,200],"automatic":[44],"identification":[45,81],"water":[47,84,105,120,136,199,206],"bodies":[48,121],"great":[51],"significance":[52],"urgently":[54],"required":[55],"planning.":[58],"It":[59],"should":[60],"be":[61],"noted":[62],"that":[63,190],"although":[64],"some":[65],"studies":[66],"have":[67],"been":[68],"reported":[69],"regarding":[70],"water-area":[72],"extraction,":[73],"our":[75],"knowledge,":[76],"few":[77],"papers":[78],"concern":[79],"types":[85,106,137],"(e.g,":[86],"rivers,":[87],"lakes,":[88],"canals,":[89],"ponds).":[91],"In":[92],"this":[93],"paper,":[94],"a":[95,146],"novel":[96],"two-level":[97],"machine-learning":[98],"framework":[99,113,166],"proposed":[101,165,192],"identifying":[103],"from":[107],"high-resolution":[109],"remote-sensing":[110],"images.":[111],"The":[112,164,186],"consists":[114],"two":[116,176],"interpretation":[117],"levels:":[118],"1)":[119],"extracted":[123],"at":[124,141],"pixel":[126],"level,":[127,144],"where":[128,145],"water/shadow/vegetation":[130],"indexes":[131],"considered":[133],"2)":[135],"further":[139],"identified":[140],"object":[143],"set":[147],"geometrical":[149],"textural":[151],"features":[152],"used.":[154],"Both":[155],"levels":[156],"employ":[157],"machine":[158],"learning":[159],"image":[162],"interpretation.":[163],"validated":[168],"using":[169],"GeoEye-1":[171],"WorldView-2":[173],"images,":[174],"over":[175],"mega":[177],"cities":[178],"China,":[180],"i.e,":[181],"Wuhan":[182],"Shenzhen,":[184],"respectively.":[185],"experimental":[187],"results":[188],"show":[189],"method":[193],"achieved":[194],"satisfactory":[195],"accuracies":[196],"both":[198],"[95.4%":[201],"(Shenzhen),":[202,210],"96.2%":[203],"(Wuhan)],":[204],"type":[207],"classification":[208],"[94.1%":[209],"95.9%":[211],"(Wuhan)]":[212],"complex":[214],"areas.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}