{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2085762960","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2417999","title":"Observations and Simulation of Multifrequency SAR Data Over a Snow-Covered Boreal Forest","display_name":"Observations and Simulation of Multifrequency SAR Data Over a Snow-Covered Boreal Forest","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-04-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2085762960","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2417999","mag":"2085762960"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2015.2417999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2417999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102967101","display_name":"Francesco Montomoli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9125-3801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092323","display_name":"Nello Carrara Institute of Applied Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/00dqega85","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092323","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Montomoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Applied Physics (IFAC-CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Applied Physics (IFAC-CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077563081","display_name":"Giovanni Macelloni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9738-7939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092323","display_name":"Nello Carrara Institute of Applied Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/00dqega85","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092323","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Macelloni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Applied Physics (IFAC-CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Applied Physics (IFAC-CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089532606","display_name":"Marco Brogioni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6232-6020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092323","display_name":"Nello Carrara Institute of Applied Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/00dqega85","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092323","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Brogioni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Applied Physics (IFAC-CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Applied Physics (IFAC-CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081338321","display_name":"Juha Lemmetyinen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4434-9696"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juha Lemmetyinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Metereological Institute (FMI), Helsinki, Finland",", Finnish Metereological Institute (FMI), Helsinki, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Metereological Institute (FMI), Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", Finnish Metereological Institute (FMI), Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058217833","display_name":"Juval Cohen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6396-1536"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juval Cohen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Metereological Institute (FMI), Helsinki, Finland",", Finnish Metereological Institute (FMI), Helsinki, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Metereological Institute (FMI), Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", Finnish Metereological Institute (FMI), Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037128556","display_name":"Helmut Rott","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4719-7376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145581","display_name":"Environmental Earth Observation Information Technology (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/04ezd4121","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145581"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Helmut Rott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Earth Observation IT GmbH (ENVEO), Innsbruck, Austria",", Environmental Earth Observation IT GmbH (ENVEO), Innsbruck, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Earth Observation IT GmbH (ENVEO), Innsbruck, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145581"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", Environmental Earth Observation IT GmbH (ENVEO), Innsbruck, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145581"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102967101"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092323"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8882,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89864242,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"3","first_page":"1216","last_page":"1228"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.9263662099838257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7312973737716675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taiga","display_name":"Taiga","score":0.7088937759399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6590231657028198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.6053600907325745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6040858030319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.5903428792953491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glacier","display_name":"Glacier","score":0.4328412115573883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boreal","display_name":"Boreal","score":0.4256639778614044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4117235541343689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.37816303968429565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.287209689617157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.15589946508407593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.1267562210559845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forestry","display_name":"Forestry","score":0.12557938694953918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10449141263961792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.9263662099838257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7312973737716675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87621631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69564","display_name":"Taiga","level":2,"score":0.7088937759399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6590231657028198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.6053600907325745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6040858030319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.5903428792953491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100834320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666","display_name":"Glacier","level":2,"score":0.4328412115573883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100537666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q893477","display_name":"Boreal","level":2,"score":0.4256639778614044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4117235541343689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.37816303968429565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.287209689617157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.15589946508407593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.1267562210559845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.12557938694953918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10449141263961792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2015.2417999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2417999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W86549454","https://openalex.org/W1890738998","https://openalex.org/W2000886223","https://openalex.org/W2001470990","https://openalex.org/W2019387035","https://openalex.org/W2021266792","https://openalex.org/W2021897163","https://openalex.org/W2032159941","https://openalex.org/W2033489424","https://openalex.org/W2065172737","https://openalex.org/W2069324847","https://openalex.org/W2069756757","https://openalex.org/W2073926123","https://openalex.org/W2099188746","https://openalex.org/W2107281965","https://openalex.org/W2112835976","https://openalex.org/W2138149909","https://openalex.org/W2141857794","https://openalex.org/W2143588793","https://openalex.org/W2149580466","https://openalex.org/W2150625533","https://openalex.org/W2160540277","https://openalex.org/W2321585011","https://openalex.org/W2327419833"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W11644078","https://openalex.org/W3093150799","https://openalex.org/W4205407389","https://openalex.org/W175061559","https://openalex.org/W2291835616","https://openalex.org/W2080460749","https://openalex.org/W4280633793","https://openalex.org/W2913685273","https://openalex.org/W4372050198","https://openalex.org/W4322763972"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"significant":[1,78],"part":[2],"of":[3,17,39,59,74,83,103,122,156,164,172,203],"the":[4,15,20,27,37,57,69,72,81,84,107,114,120,123,135,154,162,170,204,208],"Earth":[5],"affected":[6],"by":[7,12],"seasonal":[8],"snow":[9,21,60,117,125,142],"is":[10,151,212],"covered":[11],"forest.":[13],"Moreover,":[14],"presence":[16,73],"forest":[18,75,101,177],"modifies":[19],"accumulation":[22],"and":[23,65,94,111,138,169,181,186],"its":[24,89],"metamorphism":[25],"during":[26],"winter":[28],"season.":[29],"Recent":[30],"studies,":[31],"which":[32],"were":[33],"carried":[34],"out":[35],"within":[36],"framework":[38],"ESA's":[40],"CoReH":[41],"<sub":[42],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[43],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sub>":[44],"O":[45],"Phase-A":[46],"mission,":[47],"demonstrate":[48],"that":[49],"multifrequency":[50],"SAR":[51,188],"data":[52,175,189],"are":[53,198],"able":[54],"to":[55,116,133,140],"quantify":[56],"amount":[58],"mass":[61],"on":[62,80,88,153],"land":[63],"surfaces":[64],"or":[66],"glaciers.":[67],"On":[68],"other":[70],"hand,":[71],"has":[76],"a":[77,131,165,192],"impact":[79],"propagation":[82],"radar":[85],"signal,":[86],"depending":[87],"structure,":[90],"biomass,":[91],"water":[92,126],"content,":[93],"cover":[95],"fraction.":[96],"In":[97],"particular,":[98],"for":[99,160],"dense":[100],"scattering":[102],"vegetation":[104,136],"strongly":[105],"hides":[106],"signal":[108],"from":[109],"snow,":[110],"consequently,":[112],"compromises":[113],"sensitivity":[115],"parameters.":[118],"Within":[119],"development":[121,155],"mission's":[124],"equivalent":[127],"(SWE)":[128],"retrieval":[129,210],"algorithm,":[130],"method":[132,150],"compensate":[134],"effect,":[137],"then":[139],"retrieve":[141],"in":[143,196,207],"sparse":[144],"forested":[145],"areas,":[146],"was":[147],"implemented.":[148],"The":[149,201],"based":[152],"an":[157],"e.m.":[158],"model":[159,206],"simulating":[161],"backscattering":[163],"snow-covered":[166],"vegetated":[167],"terrain":[168],"availability":[171],"some":[173],"ancillary":[174],"about":[176],"characteristics.":[178],"Model":[179],"description":[180],"validation":[182],"using":[183],"real":[184],"airborne":[185],"space-borne":[187],"collected":[190],"over":[191],"boreal":[193],"test":[194],"site":[195],"Finland":[197],"presented":[199],"here.":[200],"use":[202],"developed":[205],"SWE":[209],"algorithm":[211],"also":[213],"presented.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
