{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1984457340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2398034","title":"Optical Sensing of Vegetation Water Content: A Synthesis Study","display_name":"Optical Sensing of Vegetation Water Content: A Synthesis Study","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-03-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1984457340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2398034","mag":"1984457340"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2015.2398034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2398034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11343/55370","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101534131","display_name":"Ying Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-9148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ying Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia","Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University,Clayton,Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University,Clayton,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020270621","display_name":"Jeffrey P. Walker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4817-2712"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey P. Walker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia","Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University,Clayton,Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University,Clayton,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084143214","display_name":"M. Allahmoradi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahdi Allahmoradi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Infrastructure Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia","Department of Infrastructure Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Infrastructure Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Infrastructure Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071533431","display_name":"A. Monerris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-6867"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandra Monerris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia","Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University,Clayton,Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University,Clayton,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091637998","display_name":"Dongryeol Ryu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5335-6209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongryeol Ryu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Infrastructure Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia","Department of Infrastructure Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Infrastructure Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Infrastructure Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102930688","display_name":"Thomas J. Jackson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6297-5290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336096307","display_name":"United States Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas J. Jackson","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Department of Agriculture ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA","U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Department of Agriculture ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101534131"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5634,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":71,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87840917,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"4","first_page":"1456","last_page":"1464"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","score":0.8867154121398926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.7435694932937622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-content","display_name":"Water content","score":0.6284946799278259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5890285968780518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5604481101036072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5159774422645569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-vegetation-index","display_name":"Enhanced vegetation index","score":0.4601157307624817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.4509739577770233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.4364576041698456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grassland","display_name":"Grassland","score":0.4161062240600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation-index","display_name":"Vegetation Index","score":0.40224742889404297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.33237600326538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2600547671318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2218320071697235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.21098849177360535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.0759875476360321}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.8867154121398926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.7435694932937622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.6284946799278259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5890285968780518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5604481101036072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5159774422645569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78869512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5378810","display_name":"Enhanced vegetation index","level":5,"score":0.4601157307624817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.4509739577770233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.4364576041698456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775835988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1006733","display_name":"Grassland","level":2,"score":0.4161062240600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780376076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1499458","display_name":"Vegetation Index","level":4,"score":0.40224742889404297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33237600326538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2600547671318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2218320071697235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.21098849177360535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.0759875476360321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2015.2398034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2398034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:jupiter.its.unimelb.edu.au:11343/55370","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11343/55370","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11343/55370","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196259","display_name":"Minerva Access (University of Melbourne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","host_organization_name":"The University of Melbourne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:jupiter.its.unimelb.edu.au:11343/55370","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11343/55370","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11343/55370","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196259","display_name":"Minerva Access (University of Melbourne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","host_organization_name":"The University of Melbourne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1984457340.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1984457340.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1505951429","https://openalex.org/W1969548928","https://openalex.org/W1974127093","https://openalex.org/W1978617972","https://openalex.org/W1978643637","https://openalex.org/W1988906717","https://openalex.org/W1994378716","https://openalex.org/W1995970826","https://openalex.org/W2006630816","https://openalex.org/W2009202065","https://openalex.org/W2018467765","https://openalex.org/W2035688573","https://openalex.org/W2065191898","https://openalex.org/W2072567364","https://openalex.org/W2116371833","https://openalex.org/W2130989950","https://openalex.org/W2132674120","https://openalex.org/W2143084239","https://openalex.org/W2161407512","https://openalex.org/W2245549564","https://openalex.org/W2989983865","https://openalex.org/W6636950212","https://openalex.org/W6644879854","https://openalex.org/W6690902846"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3207384893","https://openalex.org/W3207046288","https://openalex.org/W2374167006","https://openalex.org/W4283156607","https://openalex.org/W4384939875","https://openalex.org/W4214921029","https://openalex.org/W4285330809","https://openalex.org/W2012686349","https://openalex.org/W2969795594","https://openalex.org/W4313432081"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vegetation":[0],"water":[1,60],"content":[2],"(VWC)":[3],"plays":[4],"an":[5],"important":[6],"role":[7],"in":[8,35,100,199],"parameterizing":[9],"the":[10,19,50,57,101,124,136,148,156,170,178,181,185,193,200],"vegetation":[11,29,48,53,108],"influence":[12],"on":[13,43,135,152,177],"microwave":[14],"soil":[15],"moisture":[16],"retrieval.":[17,209],"During":[18],"past":[20],"decade,":[21],"relationships":[22],"have":[23,63],"been":[24,64],"developed":[25,80,133],"between":[26],"VWC":[27,40,82,174,207],"and":[28,56,74,86,91,105,116,164,180],"indices":[30,172],"from":[31,84,95],"satellite":[32,89],"optical":[33],"sensors,":[34],"order":[36],"to":[37,168],"create":[38],"large-scale":[39],"maps":[41],"based":[42,134,151,176],"these":[44],"relationships.":[45],"Among":[46],"existing":[47,119,142],"indices,":[49],"normalized":[51,58],"difference":[52,59],"index":[54,61],"(NDVI)":[55],"(NDWI)":[62],"most":[65],"frequently":[66],"used":[67],"for":[68,81,147,173,206],"estimating":[69],"VWC.":[70],"This":[71],"work":[72],"compiles":[73],"inter-compares":[75],"a":[76],"number":[77],"of":[78,184],"equations":[79,120,130,150,195],"derivation":[83],"NDVI":[85,165],"NDWI":[87,160],"using":[88],"data":[90,127,138,158,187],"ground":[92],"samples":[93],"collected":[94],"field":[96],"campaigns":[97],"carried":[98],"out":[99],"United":[102],"States,":[103],"Australia,":[104],"China.":[106],"Four":[107],"types":[109],"are":[110,121,131,166],"considered:":[111],"corn,":[112],"cereal":[113],"grains,":[114],"legumes,":[115],"grassland.":[117],"While":[118],"reassessed":[122],"against":[123,155],"entire":[125,137,157],"compiled":[126,186],"sets,":[128],"new":[129,149,194],"also":[132],"sets.":[139,188],"Comparing":[140],"with":[141],"equations,":[143],"results":[144],"show":[145],"superiorities":[146],"statistical":[153],"analysis":[154],"set.":[159],"<sub":[161],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[162],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">1640</sub>":[163],"found":[167],"be":[169,197],"preferred":[171],"estimation":[175],"availability":[179],"error":[182],"statistics":[183],"It":[189],"is":[190],"recommended":[191],"that":[192],"can":[196],"applied":[198],"future":[201],"global":[202],"remote":[203],"sensing":[204],"application":[205],"map":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T14:56:36.534964","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}