{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2059056443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2396577","title":"Random Forests Unsupervised Classification: The Detection and Mapping of <i>Solanum mauritianum</i> Infestations in Plantation Forestry Using Hyperspectral Data","display_name":"Random Forests Unsupervised Classification: The Detection and Mapping of <i>Solanum mauritianum</i> Infestations in Plantation Forestry Using Hyperspectral Data","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-02-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2059056443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2396577","mag":"2059056443"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2015.2396577","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2396577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019450005","display_name":"Kabir Peerbhay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7842-6130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kabir Yunus Peerbhay","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Agriculture, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa","School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Agriculture, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052316745","display_name":"Onisimo Mutanga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7358-8111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Onisimo Mutanga","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Agriculture, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa","School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Agriculture, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049224408","display_name":"Riyad Ismail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5020-4579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riyad Ismail","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Agriculture, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa","School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Agriculture, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.7633,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":76,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97795062,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"6","first_page":"3107","last_page":"3122"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10895","display_name":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.916481614112854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.7789846062660217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.48498913645744324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.48422837257385254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forestry","display_name":"Forestry","score":0.449192076921463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4339250326156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-ecology","display_name":"Forest ecology","score":0.42659637331962585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.40976619720458984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.37158727645874023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3290562331676483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecosystem","display_name":"Ecosystem","score":0.30269837379455566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.24087661504745483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.17146062850952148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.10204058885574341}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.916481614112854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.7789846062660217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.48498913645744324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.48422837257385254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.449192076921463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4339250326156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73935091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2249329","display_name":"Forest ecology","level":3,"score":0.42659637331962585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40976619720458984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.37158727645874023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3290562331676483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.30269837379455566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.24087661504745483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.17146062850952148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.10204058885574341}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2015.2396577","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2396577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.75}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334952","display_name":"Wageningen University and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04qw24q55"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W201309023","https://openalex.org/W273955616","https://openalex.org/W365119913","https://openalex.org/W1480092759","https://openalex.org/W1520812622","https://openalex.org/W1562298082","https://openalex.org/W1600199800","https://openalex.org/W1954921045","https://openalex.org/W1976381494","https://openalex.org/W1977773552","https://openalex.org/W1978719344","https://openalex.org/W1981302612","https://openalex.org/W1989779613","https://openalex.org/W1990534247","https://openalex.org/W1991260409","https://openalex.org/W1996261822","https://openalex.org/W2002727702","https://openalex.org/W2002987700","https://openalex.org/W2003174867","https://openalex.org/W2010108266","https://openalex.org/W2011950836","https://openalex.org/W2021833436","https://openalex.org/W2033071984","https://openalex.org/W2047870694","https://openalex.org/W2070029724","https://openalex.org/W2072642421","https://openalex.org/W2077126988","https://openalex.org/W2077138097","https://openalex.org/W2079342209","https://openalex.org/W2083761303","https://openalex.org/W2084166106","https://openalex.org/W2086296514","https://openalex.org/W2090916008","https://openalex.org/W2095435405","https://openalex.org/W2097624894","https://openalex.org/W2098916025","https://openalex.org/W2100223768","https://openalex.org/W2100537916","https://openalex.org/W2111890927","https://openalex.org/W2111963787","https://openalex.org/W2118432446","https://openalex.org/W2118898434","https://openalex.org/W2121602652","https://openalex.org/W2131305829","https://openalex.org/W2132424470","https://openalex.org/W2132748165","https://openalex.org/W2137219016","https://openalex.org/W2138366237","https://openalex.org/W2141347502","https://openalex.org/W2144109235","https://openalex.org/W2144184746","https://openalex.org/W2144578812","https://openalex.org/W2149861467","https://openalex.org/W2151202338","https://openalex.org/W2153390427","https://openalex.org/W2153919695","https://openalex.org/W2155261478","https://openalex.org/W2155632266","https://openalex.org/W2165533158","https://openalex.org/W2166307050","https://openalex.org/W2167004468","https://openalex.org/W2170653440","https://openalex.org/W2172328670","https://openalex.org/W2176709104","https://openalex.org/W2226247914","https://openalex.org/W2295490662","https://openalex.org/W2296719434","https://openalex.org/W2314977448","https://openalex.org/W2566956696","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W3143138007","https://openalex.org/W6608237918","https://openalex.org/W6610017368"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2331231781","https://openalex.org/W2083743497","https://openalex.org/W2049315282","https://openalex.org/W2010998094","https://openalex.org/W1612403896","https://openalex.org/W2224396562","https://openalex.org/W90317023","https://openalex.org/W2367186135","https://openalex.org/W2035559984","https://openalex.org/W2131810423"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Detecting":[0],"and":[1,16,45,130,137],"mapping":[2,46,138],"plant":[3],"invaders":[4],"using":[5,103],"hyperspectral":[6],"remote":[7],"sensing":[8],"is":[9,93],"necessary":[10],"in":[11,65,109],"mitigating":[12],"the":[13,35,43,88,96,99,124,135],"extensive":[14],"ecologic":[15],"economic":[17],"damage":[18],"these":[19],"alien":[20,140],"plants":[21],"induce":[22],"on":[23,95],"our":[24],"forest":[25,58],"ecosystems.":[26,54],"Using":[27],"AISA":[28],"Eagle":[29],"image":[30],"data,":[31],"this":[32,120],"study":[33],"investigated":[34],"capability":[36],"of":[37,47,76,84,98,112,126,139],"two":[38],"unsupervised":[39,129],"classification":[40],"methods":[41],"for":[42,134],"detection":[44,61,73,136],"Solanum":[48],"mauritianum":[49],"located":[50],"within":[51],"commercial":[52],"forestry":[53],"The":[55],"existing":[56],"random":[57],"(RF)":[59],"outlier":[60],"method":[62],"when":[63],"used":[64],"conjunction":[66],"with":[67,78,114],"Anselins":[68],"Moran's":[69],"I":[70],"produced":[71],"a":[72,79,110,115],"rate":[74,82],"(DR)":[75],"89%":[77],"false":[80],"positive":[81],"(FPR)":[83],"9.26%.":[85],"In":[86],"comparison,":[87],"newly":[89],"developed":[90],"methodology":[91],"which":[92],"based":[94],"decomposition":[97],"RF":[100,132],"proximity":[101],"matrix":[102],"principal":[104],"component":[105],"analysis":[106],"(PCA)":[107],"resulted":[108],"DR":[111],"95%":[113],"lower":[116],"FPR":[117],"(6.39%).":[118],"Overall,":[119],"research":[121],"has":[122],"demonstrated":[123],"potential":[125],"utilizing":[127],"an":[128],"accurate":[131],"framework":[133],"invasive":[141],"plants.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
