{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2090424610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2388577","title":"Spectral\u2013Spatial Classification of Hyperspectral Data Based on Deep Belief Network","display_name":"Spectral\u2013Spatial Classification of Hyperspectral Data Based on Deep Belief Network","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2090424610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2388577","mag":"2090424610"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2015.2388577","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2388577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027034650","display_name":"Yushi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2421-0996"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yushi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","[Department of Information Engineering, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Information Engineering, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101618099","display_name":"Xing Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4568-5512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","[Department of Information Engineering, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Information Engineering, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024631382","display_name":"Xiuping Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9916-6382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiuping Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":102.9061,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1270,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99977092,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"6","first_page":"2381","last_page":"2392"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.961899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.9428709149360657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-belief-network","display_name":"Deep belief network","score":0.7929564714431763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7389336824417114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7339113354682922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6545702219009399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/restricted-boltzmann-machine","display_name":"Restricted Boltzmann machine","score":0.6435946822166443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6235933303833008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6211771965026855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.613136351108551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5870754718780518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boltzmann-machine","display_name":"Boltzmann machine","score":0.5231315493583679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.47777092456817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.4115801155567169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3283504247665405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.27261608839035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.20998969674110413}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.9428709149360657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97385483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16954980","display_name":"Deep belief network","level":3,"score":0.7929564714431763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7389336824417114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7339113354682922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6545702219009399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199354608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316287","display_name":"Restricted Boltzmann machine","level":3,"score":0.6435946822166443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6235933303833008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6211771965026855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.613136351108551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5870754718780518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192576344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194706","display_name":"Boltzmann machine","level":3,"score":0.5231315493583679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.47777092456817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.4115801155567169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3283504247665405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.27261608839035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.20998969674110413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2015.2388577","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2388577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1909738538","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HIT. NSRIF.2013028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4121457446","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61371180","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4760683723","display_name":"\u9ad8\u5149\u8c31\u6210\u8c61\u4fe1\u606f\u9000\u5316\u673a\u7406\u53ca\u6062\u590d\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61471148","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5374177051","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61301206","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W189596042","https://openalex.org/W197206975","https://openalex.org/W1948819007","https://openalex.org/W1971891445","https://openalex.org/W1990914742","https://openalex.org/W1994197834","https://openalex.org/W2013482901","https://openalex.org/W2014506068","https://openalex.org/W2016860790","https://openalex.org/W2019377328","https://openalex.org/W2029766222","https://openalex.org/W2033272835","https://openalex.org/W2036195817","https://openalex.org/W2039708501","https://openalex.org/W2043665634","https://openalex.org/W2044439250","https://openalex.org/W2069231830","https://openalex.org/W2076961568","https://openalex.org/W2079539078","https://openalex.org/W2087263574","https://openalex.org/W2093210928","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2101926813","https://openalex.org/W2104269704","https://openalex.org/W2109395398","https://openalex.org/W2110798204","https://openalex.org/W2111838090","https://openalex.org/W2111975408","https://openalex.org/W2114819256","https://openalex.org/W2116064496","https://openalex.org/W2117741752","https://openalex.org/W2121338139","https://openalex.org/W2124706543","https://openalex.org/W2127070009","https://openalex.org/W2130313186","https://openalex.org/W2133114417","https://openalex.org/W2133257461","https://openalex.org/W2134663338","https://openalex.org/W2136251662","https://openalex.org/W2136516428","https://openalex.org/W2136922672","https://openalex.org/W2140702875","https://openalex.org/W2140991832","https://openalex.org/W2144348684","https://openalex.org/W2150990614","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2159807629","https://openalex.org/W2161943337","https://openalex.org/W2162724919","https://openalex.org/W2163922914","https://openalex.org/W2165991108","https://openalex.org/W2229291734","https://openalex.org/W2546191734","https://openalex.org/W2613634265","https://openalex.org/W2767194849","https://openalex.org/W4300952079","https://openalex.org/W4320339642","https://openalex.org/W6607775107","https://openalex.org/W6608027260","https://openalex.org/W6676481782","https://openalex.org/W6679718588","https://openalex.org/W6745722254"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2064630666","https://openalex.org/W3121598771","https://openalex.org/W2287713958","https://openalex.org/W3010338767","https://openalex.org/W2513801676","https://openalex.org/W2916681395","https://openalex.org/W1257380361","https://openalex.org/W3005559199","https://openalex.org/W2133034788","https://openalex.org/W2892911634"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hyperspectral":[0],"data":[1,32,63,130,156],"classification":[2,57,102,107],"is":[3,111],"a":[4,34,42,92,112],"hot":[5],"topic":[6],"in":[7,33],"remote":[8],"sensing":[9],"community.":[10],"In":[11,37,142],"recent":[12],"years,":[13],"significant":[14],"effort":[15],"has":[16,151],"been":[17],"focused":[18],"on":[19,66],"this":[20,38,144],"issue.":[21],"However,":[22],"most":[23],"of":[24,30,76,114],"the":[25,28,74,84,98,133,139],"methods":[26],"extract":[27],"features":[29],"original":[31],"shallow":[35],"manner.":[36],"paper,":[39],"we":[40,72,90],"introduce":[41],"deep":[43,67,94,148],"learning":[44,149],"approach":[45],"into":[46],"hyperspectral":[47,62,129,155],"image":[48,56],"classification.":[49,88,157],"A":[50],"new":[51],"feature":[52],"extraction":[53],"(FE)":[54],"and":[55,81,101,122],"framework":[58,110],"are":[59],"proposed":[60],"for":[61,154],"analysis":[64,117],"based":[65],"belief":[68],"network":[69],"(DBN).":[70],"First,":[71],"verify":[73],"eligibility":[75],"restricted":[77],"Boltzmann":[78],"machine":[79],"(RBM)":[80],"DBN":[82],"by":[83],"following":[85],"spectral":[86],"information-based":[87],"Then,":[89],"propose":[91],"novel":[93],"architecture,":[95],"which":[96],"combines":[97],"spectral-spatial":[99],"FE":[100],"together":[103],"to":[104],"get":[105],"high":[106],"accuracy.":[108],"The":[109],"hybrid":[113],"principal":[115],"component":[116],"(PCA),":[118],"hierarchical":[119],"learning-based":[120],"FE,":[121],"logistic":[123],"regression":[124],"(LR).":[125],"Experimental":[126],"results":[127],"with":[128,138],"indicate":[131],"that":[132,147],"classifier":[134],"provide":[135],"competitive":[136],"solution":[137],"state-of-the-art":[140],"methods.":[141],"addition,":[143],"paper":[145],"reveals":[146],"system":[150],"huge":[152],"potential":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":81},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":101},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":144},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":146},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":145},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":158},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":184},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":138},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":87},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
