{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2008801755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2014.2361253","title":"Estimating Vegetation Fraction Using Hyperspectral Pixel Unmixing Method: A Case Study of a Karst Area in China","display_name":"Estimating Vegetation Fraction Using Hyperspectral Pixel Unmixing Method: A Case Study of a Karst Area in China","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2008801755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2014.2361253","mag":"2008801755"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2014.2361253","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2014.2361253","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037341056","display_name":"Liquan Qu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118574674","display_name":"Jiangsu Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/051hvcm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118574674"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120825670","display_name":"Yunnan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00sc9n023","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120825670"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liquan Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Spatial Information Science and Systems, George Mason University, Xuzhou, China","School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China","School of Tourism and Geographical Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, VA, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Spatial Information Science and Systems, George Mason University, Xuzhou, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118574674"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Tourism and Geographical Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, VA, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120825670"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087788389","display_name":"Weiguo Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4842-4833"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiguo Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Spatial Information Science and Systems, George Mason University, Xuzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Spatial Information Science and Systems, George Mason University, Xuzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103467978","display_name":"Hui Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118574674","display_name":"Jiangsu Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/051hvcm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118574674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118574674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067559672","display_name":"Yu Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7539-2465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118574674","display_name":"Jiangsu Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/051hvcm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118574674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118574674"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101612318","display_name":"Lianpeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9765-9730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118574674","display_name":"Jiangsu Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/051hvcm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118574674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lianpeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118574674"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037341056"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118574674","https://openalex.org/I120825670"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5846,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93270655,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"11","first_page":"4559","last_page":"4565"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.8458739519119263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.8009690046310425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endmember","display_name":"Endmember","score":0.7512544393539429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/karst","display_name":"Karst","score":0.7237876653671265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6682862043380737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6680335402488708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.562042236328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/desertification","display_name":"Desertification","score":0.5562788248062134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.4507574439048767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-science","display_name":"Soil science","score":0.38370153307914734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2804219722747803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.13658487796783447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12353101372718811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10481035709381104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.07603484392166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.07324707508087158}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.8458739519119263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.8009690046310425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58237817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5376204","display_name":"Endmember","level":3,"score":0.7512544393539429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182348080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16817","display_name":"Karst","level":2,"score":0.7237876653671265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6682862043380737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6680335402488708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.562042236328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33559203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183481","display_name":"Desertification","level":2,"score":0.5562788248062134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.4507574439048767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.38370153307914734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2804219722747803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.13658487796783447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12353101372718811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10481035709381104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07603484392166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.07324707508087158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2014.2361253","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2014.2361253","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007735486","https://openalex.org/W2054645422","https://openalex.org/W2075687558","https://openalex.org/W2105536892","https://openalex.org/W2114828048","https://openalex.org/W2163886442","https://openalex.org/W2164720626","https://openalex.org/W2180626478","https://openalex.org/W2199543753","https://openalex.org/W2319224732","https://openalex.org/W2327077400","https://openalex.org/W2347612708","https://openalex.org/W2348288552","https://openalex.org/W2355406954","https://openalex.org/W2355599296","https://openalex.org/W2360810138","https://openalex.org/W2376799800","https://openalex.org/W2378331756","https://openalex.org/W2380187065","https://openalex.org/W2380491027","https://openalex.org/W2380853554","https://openalex.org/W2889596763","https://openalex.org/W3153297538","https://openalex.org/W4385525016","https://openalex.org/W6705490424","https://openalex.org/W6710103839","https://openalex.org/W6793955159","https://openalex.org/W7018905913"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2037328426","https://openalex.org/W1990914742","https://openalex.org/W3106536224","https://openalex.org/W2891033441","https://openalex.org/W2006559622","https://openalex.org/W2890371384","https://openalex.org/W2315521504","https://openalex.org/W2563324120","https://openalex.org/W2040756827","https://openalex.org/W2051769241"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,145,206],"rocky":[1,36],"desertification":[2,37],"is":[3,48,70,87,111,162],"one":[4,161],"of":[5,55,139,212],"three":[6,100],"major":[7],"ecological":[8],"problems":[9],"in":[10,14,38,216,220],"the":[11,53,81,90,106,115,119,140,150,154,159,167,171,178,185,189,193,202,210,213,221],"karst":[12,142,222],"areas":[13],"southwestern":[15],"China.":[16],"Vegetation":[17],"fraction,":[18],"bare":[19,22],"soil,":[20,94],"and":[21,62,95,105,127,158,164,170,192],"rock":[23,96],"are":[24,97,133,166,181],"main":[25],"typical":[26,101],"surface":[27,57],"characteristics":[28],"obtained":[29],"from":[30,188],"remote":[31],"sensing":[32],"data":[33],"when":[34],"evaluating":[35,217],"these":[39,76],"areas.":[40],"How":[41],"to":[42,74,113,135,200],"estimate":[43,136,201],"vegetation":[44,137,156,195,204,218],"coverage":[45,138,196],"more":[46,182],"precisely":[47],"a":[49,71],"challenging":[50],"topic":[51],"because":[52],"issues":[54],"complex":[56],"coverage,":[58],"highly":[59],"spatial":[60],"heterogeneity,":[61],"mixed-pixels":[63],"should":[64],"be":[65,198],"addressed.":[66],"Hyperspectral":[67],"pixel":[68,107,120],"unmixing":[69,121],"better":[72],"approach":[73],"solve":[75],"issues.":[77],"In":[78],"this":[79],"paper,":[80],"Hyperion":[82],"hyperspectral":[83],"remotely":[84],"sensed":[85],"image":[86],"used":[88,199],"as":[89,99],"source":[91],"data,":[92],"vegetation,":[93],"selected":[98],"land":[102],"cover":[103],"features,":[104],"purity":[108],"index":[109],"(PPI)":[110],"utilized":[112],"distill":[114],"endmember":[116],"spectral.":[117],"Then,":[118],"methods,":[122],"including":[123],"matched":[124,130],"filtering":[125,131],"(MF)":[126],"mixture":[128],"tuned":[129],"(MTMF)":[132],"adopted":[134],"studied":[141],"area,":[143],"respectively.":[144],"results":[146,180,207],"show":[147],"that:":[148],"1)":[149],"maximum":[151],"deviation":[152],"between":[153],"ground-surveyed":[155],"fraction":[157,219],"MTMF-inversed":[160,179,194],"acceptable,":[163],"so":[165],"deterministic":[168],"coefficient":[169],"root":[172],"mean":[173],"square":[174],"error":[175],"(RMSE);":[176],"2)":[177],"accurate":[183],"than":[184],"ones":[186],"inversed":[187],"MF":[190],"method":[191,215],"can":[197],"actual":[203],"fraction.":[205],"also":[208],"demonstrate":[209],"applicability":[211],"MTMF":[214],"regions.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}