{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2095231256","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2014.2347299","title":"Massively Parallel GPU Design of Automatic Target Generation Process in Hyperspectral Imagery","display_name":"Massively Parallel GPU Design of Automatic Target Generation Process in Hyperspectral Imagery","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-09-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2095231256","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2014.2347299","mag":"2095231256"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2014.2347299","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2014.2347299","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100428862","display_name":"Xiaojie Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1796-5266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101301","display_name":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology","ror":"https://ror.org/01a9z1q73","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojie Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China","[Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101301"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060262250","display_name":"Bormin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8275-9536"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bormin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA","Space Science & Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Science & Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019643820","display_name":"Kai Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1894-5347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101301","display_name":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology","ror":"https://ror.org/01a9z1q73","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China","[Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101301"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.273,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85180012,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"6","first_page":"2862","last_page":"2869"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.736311137676239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.6970012187957764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/massively-parallel","display_name":"Massively parallel","score":0.6689116954803467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5424124002456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.5384177565574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5349783897399902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imaging-spectrometer","display_name":"Imaging spectrometer","score":0.5219451785087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuda","display_name":"CUDA","score":0.453377902507782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-purpose-computing-on-graphics-processing-units","display_name":"General-purpose computing on graphics processing units","score":0.4524206221103668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.44982191920280457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4178754687309265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics-processing-unit","display_name":"Graphics processing unit","score":0.4169624149799347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39479440450668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.36210769414901733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.25211799144744873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrometer","display_name":"Spectrometer","score":0.15789034962654114}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.736311137676239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.6970012187957764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190475519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q544384","display_name":"Massively parallel","level":2,"score":0.6689116954803467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5424124002456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.5384177565574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5349783897399902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183852935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002848","display_name":"Imaging spectrometer","level":3,"score":0.5219451785087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778119891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477690","display_name":"CUDA","level":2,"score":0.453377902507782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50630238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q971505","display_name":"General-purpose computing on graphics processing units","level":3,"score":0.4524206221103668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.44982191920280457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4178754687309265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779851693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183484","display_name":"Graphics processing unit","level":2,"score":0.4169624149799347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39479440450668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.36210769414901733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.25211799144744873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33390570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188463","display_name":"Spectrometer","level":2,"score":0.15789034962654114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2014.2347299","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2014.2347299","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G213457848","display_name":"\u6211\u56fd\u4e1c\u5317\u533a\u96ea\u76d6\u6df1\u5ea6\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u88ab\u52a8\u5fae\u6ce2\u9065\u611f\u53cd\u6f14\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"40971189","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5873822842","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41201335","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W87429363","https://openalex.org/W1565649530","https://openalex.org/W1978188220","https://openalex.org/W1980715017","https://openalex.org/W2002546995","https://openalex.org/W2005639730","https://openalex.org/W2011120242","https://openalex.org/W2022292358","https://openalex.org/W2048419331","https://openalex.org/W2062242614","https://openalex.org/W2069412682","https://openalex.org/W2099301440","https://openalex.org/W2107583974","https://openalex.org/W2113486914","https://openalex.org/W2118996198","https://openalex.org/W2131274487","https://openalex.org/W2144491243","https://openalex.org/W2158834404","https://openalex.org/W2167583754","https://openalex.org/W2341545927","https://openalex.org/W6603543157","https://openalex.org/W6605746619","https://openalex.org/W6677508755","https://openalex.org/W6704443453"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963859303","https://openalex.org/W2364044215","https://openalex.org/W2389600408","https://openalex.org/W240129890","https://openalex.org/W3048701459","https://openalex.org/W2149078538","https://openalex.org/W2370314112","https://openalex.org/W1912958759","https://openalex.org/W2792081825","https://openalex.org/W2893308117"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"popular":[1],"algorithm":[2,68,145,171],"for":[3,116,136],"hyperspectral":[4],"image":[5,21,125],"interpretation":[6],"is":[7,47],"the":[8,67,76,83,85,117,121,142,170,194,201],"automatic":[9],"target":[10,38,202],"generation":[11],"process":[12,73],"(ATGP).":[13],"ATGP":[14,144],"creates":[15],"a":[16,36,44,50,105,157],"set":[17],"of":[18,79,110],"targets":[19],"from":[20],"data":[22,126],"in":[23,39,58,94,120],"an":[24,91],"unsupervised":[25],"fashion":[26],"without":[27],"prior":[28],"knowledge.":[29],"It":[30],"can":[31,155],"be":[32],"used":[33,135],"to":[34,72,75,162],"search":[35],"specific":[37],"unknown":[40],"scenes":[41],"and":[42,64,130,186],"when":[43,200],"target\u2019s":[45],"size":[46],"smaller":[48],"than":[49],"single":[51],"pixel.":[52],"Its":[53],"application":[54],"has":[55],"been":[56],"demonstrated":[57],"many":[59],"fields":[60],"including":[61],"geology,":[62],"agriculture,":[63],"intelligence.":[65],"However,":[66],"requires":[69],"long":[70],"time":[71,119],"due":[74],"massive":[77],"amount":[78],"data.":[80],"To":[81],"expedite":[82],"process,":[84],"graphics":[86],"processing":[87],"units":[88],"(GPUs)":[89],"are":[90,134],"attractive":[92],"alternative":[93],"comparison":[95],"with":[96,152],"traditional":[97],"CPU":[98,165],"architectures.":[99],"In":[100],"this":[101],"paper,":[102],"we":[103],"propose":[104],"GPU-based":[106,143],"massively":[107],"parallel":[108],"version":[109],"ATGP,":[111],"which":[112],"provides":[113],"real-time":[114],"performance":[115],"first":[118],"literature.":[122],"The":[123],"HYDICE":[124],"(${":[127,180],"{307\\ast":[128],"307}}$pixels":[129],"210":[131],"spectral":[132],"bands)":[133,185],"benchmark.":[137],"Our":[138],"optimization":[139],"efforts":[140],"on":[141,172],"using":[146],"one":[147],"NVIDIA":[148],"Tesla":[149],"K20":[150],"GPU":[151],"I/O":[153],"transfer":[154],"achieve":[156],"speedup":[158,195],"of${":[159],"{362\\times}}$with":[160],"respect":[161],"its":[163],"single-threaded":[164],"counterpart.":[166],"We":[167],"also":[168],"tested":[169],"Airborne":[173],"Visible/InfraRed":[174],"Imaging":[175],"Spectrometer":[176],"(AVIRIS)":[177],"WTC":[178],"dataset":[179,188],"{512\\ast":[181],"614\\ast":[182],"224}}$of":[183],"224":[184],"Cuprite":[187],"(${{35\\ast":[189],"350\\ast":[190],"188}}$of":[191],"188":[192],"bands),":[193],"was${":[196],"{416\\times}}$and${":[197],"{320\\times}}$,":[198],"respectively,":[199],"number":[203],"was":[204],"15.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}