{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2079289230","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2014.2343519","title":"Dense Media Radiative Transfer Applied to SnowScat and SnowSAR","display_name":"Dense Media Radiative Transfer Applied to SnowScat and SnowSAR","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2079289230","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2014.2343519","mag":"2079289230"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2014.2343519","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2014.2343519","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046614825","display_name":"Wenmo Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenmo Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090060473","display_name":"Shurun Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7331-3484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shurun Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081338321","display_name":"Juha Lemmetyinen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4434-9696"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285790362","display_name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05hppb561","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284112523","https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juha Lemmetyinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland","Finnish Meteorological Institute,Helsinki,Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Meteorological Institute,Helsinki,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090757725","display_name":"Leung Tsang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3192-2799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leung Tsang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020740076","display_name":"Xiaolan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4321-7931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA","Jet Propulsion laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006211721","display_name":"Simon Yueh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7061-5295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon H. Yueh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA","Jet Propulsion laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046614825"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1417,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":91,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95250569,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"9","first_page":"3811","last_page":"3825"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-transfer","display_name":"Radiative transfer","score":0.6682509183883667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backscatter","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","score":0.5942240953445435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.5769884586334229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-physics","display_name":"Computational physics","score":0.5095458626747131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.49006354808807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.42542874813079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.41831862926483154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.35901710391044617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.34252578020095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.1717551052570343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.10406234860420227}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.6682509183883667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.5942240953445435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.5769884586334229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.5095458626747131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.49006354808807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.42542874813079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.41831862926483154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.35901710391044617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.34252578020095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.1717551052570343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.10406234860420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2014.2343519","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2014.2343519","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2054778854","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNX11AK41G","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W187501538","https://openalex.org/W1484155048","https://openalex.org/W1500041086","https://openalex.org/W1565866162","https://openalex.org/W1573293896","https://openalex.org/W1588167619","https://openalex.org/W1607823060","https://openalex.org/W1661217331","https://openalex.org/W1661856146","https://openalex.org/W1974590533","https://openalex.org/W1978524841","https://openalex.org/W1996077291","https://openalex.org/W2003430836","https://openalex.org/W2013802076","https://openalex.org/W2025795765","https://openalex.org/W2027162707","https://openalex.org/W2034185534","https://openalex.org/W2036842696","https://openalex.org/W2040868410","https://openalex.org/W2053724704","https://openalex.org/W2080367660","https://openalex.org/W2084187322","https://openalex.org/W2090798815","https://openalex.org/W2107281965","https://openalex.org/W2114002713","https://openalex.org/W2121903748","https://openalex.org/W2125190144","https://openalex.org/W2129972885","https://openalex.org/W2132468394","https://openalex.org/W2132977795","https://openalex.org/W2136366922","https://openalex.org/W2137733796","https://openalex.org/W2144032305","https://openalex.org/W2144423472","https://openalex.org/W2149068033","https://openalex.org/W2164132112","https://openalex.org/W2166252673","https://openalex.org/W2169737562","https://openalex.org/W2266243303","https://openalex.org/W2980756807","https://openalex.org/W3010956862","https://openalex.org/W3135227555","https://openalex.org/W6607738494"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2083599106","https://openalex.org/W1965407013","https://openalex.org/W2044619931","https://openalex.org/W3191234214","https://openalex.org/W4384701489","https://openalex.org/W2416230169","https://openalex.org/W1654499644","https://openalex.org/W2026320590","https://openalex.org/W2592788430","https://openalex.org/W3100385166"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,69,84,116,201],"dense":[1],"media":[2],"radiative":[3],"transfer":[4],"(DMRT)":[5],"theory":[6],"is":[7,110,119,247],"applied":[8],"to":[9,90,112,121,141],"data":[10],"analysis":[11],"of":[12,15,93,104,125,138,153,165,183,192,208,229,239,265],"recent":[13],"measurements":[14,182],"multifrequency":[16,221],"microwave":[17],"backscatter":[18],"from":[19,170,261],"the":[20,35,41,75,81,91,94,98,102,105,113,123,143,147,154,171,198,205,209,220,225,250,262],"snow":[21,49,126,193],"cover":[22,194],"on":[23],"earth.":[24],"Measurement":[25],"includes":[26],"ground-based":[27],"campaign":[28],"(SnowScat)":[29],"and":[30,40,61,80,109,129,146,160,174,190,204,242,256,268],"airborne":[31],"mission":[32],"(SnowSAR).":[33],"Both":[34],"quasi-crystalline":[36],"approximation":[37],"(QCA)":[38],"model":[39,43,71,118,211,264],"bicontinuous":[42,70,117,155,210],"are":[44,54,64,132,212,269],"used":[45,55,65,120],"for":[46,56,66,135,197],"a":[47],"multilayer":[48],"medium.":[50],"Two":[51],"size":[52,60],"parameters":[53,172,228],"both":[57,164],"models.":[58,200,217],"Grain":[59],"stickiness":[62],"parameter":[63,82,100],"QCA":[67],"model.":[68],"has":[72],"two":[73],"parameters:":[74],"mean":[76,85],"wave":[77,86,106],"number":[78,87,107],"\u3008\u03b6\u3009":[79,88,173],"b.":[83,175],"corresponds":[89],"inverse":[92],"grain":[95,187],"size,":[96,188,255],"while":[97],"b":[99],"controls":[101],"width":[103],"distribution":[108],"related":[111],"clustering":[114],"property.":[115],"generate":[122],"microstructures":[124],"by":[127],"computer,":[128],"Maxwell":[130],"equations":[131],"solved":[133],"numerically":[134],"each":[136],"sample":[137],"computer-generated":[139],"structure":[140],"calculate":[142],"extinction":[144],"coefficient":[145],"phase":[148],"matrix.":[149],"Other":[150],"geometric":[151,202],"descriptors":[152],"medium":[156],"include":[157],"correlation":[158],"functions":[159],"specific":[161,184],"surface":[162,185],"areas,":[163],"which":[166],"can":[167],"be":[168],"calculated":[169],"In":[176,218],"making":[177,219],"comparisons,":[178,222],"we":[179,223],"use":[180,224],"ground":[181],"area,":[186],"densities,":[189],"layering":[191],"as":[195],"input":[196],"theoretical":[199],"properties":[203,207],"scattering":[206,267],"also":[213],"compared":[214],"with":[215,273],"past":[216],"same":[226],"physical":[227],"all":[230],"three":[231],"frequencies:":[232],"1)":[233],"X":[234],"band;":[235],"2)":[236],"Ku":[237],"bands":[238],"13.3":[240],"GHz;":[241],"3)":[243],"16.7":[244],"GHz.":[245],"It":[246],"emphasized":[248],"that":[249,259],"DMRT":[251],"models":[252],"provide":[253],"frequency,":[254],"angular":[257],"dependence":[258],"depart":[260],"classical":[263],"Rayleigh":[266],"in":[270],"better":[271],"agreement":[272],"experimental":[274],"observations.":[275]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
