{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2063837453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2014.2325741","title":"Modified Co-Training With Spectral and Spatial Views for Semisupervised Hyperspectral Image Classification","display_name":"Modified Co-Training With Spectral and Spatial Views for Semisupervised Hyperspectral Image Classification","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2063837453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2014.2325741","mag":"2063837453"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2014.2325741","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2014.2325741","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049776440","display_name":"Xiangrong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0379-2042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangrong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038407119","display_name":"Qiang Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5484-3594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022334584","display_name":"Ruochen Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0502-4074"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruochen Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004800672","display_name":"Wenna Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenna Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050630882","display_name":"Licheng Jiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3354-9617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Licheng Jiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.2572,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":80,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9751886,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"6","first_page":"2044","last_page":"2055"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9782000184059143,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.9540038704872131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7231863141059875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6927114129066467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6378936171531677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.5922811031341553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curse-of-dimensionality","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","score":0.4622369408607483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co-training","display_name":"Co-training","score":0.4369274973869324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.4359758496284485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.41732877492904663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3529510796070099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.33218643069267273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semi-supervised-learning","display_name":"Semi-supervised learning","score":0.16085097193717957}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.9540038704872131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7231863141059875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6927114129066467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6378936171531677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5922811031341553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.4622369408607483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776959682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005296","display_name":"Co-training","level":3,"score":0.4369274973869324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.4359758496284485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.41732877492904663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3529510796070099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.33218643069267273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58973888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1041418","display_name":"Semi-supervised learning","level":2,"score":0.16085097193717957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2014.2325741","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2014.2325741","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1989053102","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2013CB329402","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2587811045","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61272282","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3029022750","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61203303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G533926221","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61377011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5563157538","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u91cf\u5b50\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u8c03\u8282\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u591a\u76ee\u6807\u805a\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61272279","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7679670667","display_name":"\u7528\u4e8eSAR\u56fe\u50cf\u81ea\u52a8\u5206\u5272\u7684\u514d\u75ab\u591a\u76ee\u6807\u96c6\u6210\u805a\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61373111","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1746819321","https://openalex.org/W1824737917","https://openalex.org/W1972693409","https://openalex.org/W2008407812","https://openalex.org/W2035168298","https://openalex.org/W2037603696","https://openalex.org/W2047029347","https://openalex.org/W2048679005","https://openalex.org/W2059089906","https://openalex.org/W2063534473","https://openalex.org/W2102372511","https://openalex.org/W2104269704","https://openalex.org/W2105386417","https://openalex.org/W2115451191","https://openalex.org/W2128614648","https://openalex.org/W2131864940","https://openalex.org/W2133556223","https://openalex.org/W2134601045","https://openalex.org/W2136251662","https://openalex.org/W2142012908","https://openalex.org/W2144438956","https://openalex.org/W2153409933","https://openalex.org/W2158400785","https://openalex.org/W2164437025","https://openalex.org/W2168867644","https://openalex.org/W2169042894","https://openalex.org/W2169797000","https://openalex.org/W2393385199","https://openalex.org/W2544832372","https://openalex.org/W4211049957","https://openalex.org/W6602211964","https://openalex.org/W6638609593","https://openalex.org/W6675097358","https://openalex.org/W6679131053","https://openalex.org/W6728892973"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072166414","https://openalex.org/W3209970181","https://openalex.org/W2060875994","https://openalex.org/W3034375524","https://openalex.org/W4230131218","https://openalex.org/W2404757046","https://openalex.org/W2070598848","https://openalex.org/W2019190440","https://openalex.org/W3034864990","https://openalex.org/W2132083814"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hyperspectral":[0],"images":[1,169],"are":[2,117,156],"characterized":[3],"by":[4],"limited":[5,38,158],"labeled":[6,39,50,159],"samples,":[7],"large":[8],"number":[9],"of":[10,15,33,49,72,173],"spectral":[11,94,106,129],"channels,":[12],"and":[13,17,36,56,95,108,130,196],"existence":[14],"noise":[16],"redundancy.":[18],"Supervised":[19],"hyperspectral":[20,78,101,168],"image":[21,79,102],"classification":[22],"is":[23,52,98,144],"difficult":[24],"due":[25],"to":[26],"the":[27,30,34,37,70,109,128,150,171,174,179,184,188,192,197],"unbalance":[28],"between":[29],"high":[31],"dimensionality":[32],"data":[35],"training":[40],"samples":[41,51,60,160],"available":[42],"in":[43,77],"real":[44,167],"analysis":[45],"scenarios.":[46],"The":[47,104],"collection":[48],"generally":[53],"hard,":[54],"expensive,":[55],"time-consuming,":[57],"whereas":[58],"unlabeled":[59],"can":[61,147],"be":[62],"obtained":[63],"much":[64],"easier.":[65],"This":[66],"observation":[67],"has":[68],"fostered":[69],"idea":[71],"adopting":[73],"semisupervised":[74,85,176,189,198],"learning":[75],"techniques":[76],"classification.":[80,103],"In":[81],"this":[82],"paper,":[83],"a":[84,89,134,139],"method":[86,177,190],"based":[87],"on":[88,165],"modified":[90,135,180],"co-training":[91,136,151,181,194],"process":[92,137,182],"with":[93,138,178,191],"spatial":[96,115,131],"views":[97,122],"proposed":[99,175],"for":[100,123],"original":[105],"features":[107,112],"2-D":[110],"Gabor":[111],"extracted":[113],"from":[114],"domains":[116],"adopted":[118],"as":[119],"two":[120,166],"distinct":[121],"co-training,":[124],"which":[125,146],"considers":[126],"both":[127],"information.":[132],"Then,":[133],"new":[140],"sample":[141],"selection":[142],"scheme":[143],"presented,":[145],"effectively":[148],"improve":[149],"performance,":[152],"especially":[153],"when":[154],"there":[155],"extremely":[157],"available.":[161],"Experiments":[162],"carried":[163],"out":[164],"show":[170],"superiority":[172],"over":[183],"corresponding":[185],"supervised":[186],"techniques,":[187],"conventional":[193],"version,":[195],"graph-based":[199],"method.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}