{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2048056733","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2014.2315045","title":"Sparse Non-negative Matrix Factorization on GPUs for Hyperspectral Unmixing","display_name":"Sparse Non-negative Matrix Factorization on GPUs for Hyperspectral Unmixing","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-04-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2048056733","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2014.2315045","mag":"2048056733"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2014.2315045","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2014.2315045","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031361250","display_name":"Zebin Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7162-0202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zebin Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Key Lab of Spectral Imaging and Intelligent Sensing, Nanjing, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Lab of Spectral Imaging and Intelligent Sensing, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101694049","display_name":"Shun Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7543-2092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shun Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Key Lab of Spectral Imaging and Intelligent Sensing, Nanjing, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Lab of Spectral Imaging and Intelligent Sensing, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026335073","display_name":"Jianjun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9520-2443"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianjun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Key Lab of Spectral Imaging and Intelligent Sensing, Nanjing, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Lab of Spectral Imaging and Intelligent Sensing, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059068224","display_name":"Le Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-8678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Le Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Key Lab of Spectral Imaging and Intelligent Sensing, Nanjing, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Lab of Spectral Imaging and Intelligent Sensing, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070343691","display_name":"Zhihui Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4841-6051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihui Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Key Lab of Spectral Imaging and Intelligent Sensing, Nanjing, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Lab of Spectral Imaging and Intelligent Sensing, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031361250"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4812,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9484959,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"8","first_page":"3640","last_page":"3649"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.984000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.9468798041343689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuda","display_name":"CUDA","score":0.8158206939697266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8037823438644409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-negative-matrix-factorization","display_name":"Non-negative matrix factorization","score":0.7367370128631592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics-processing-unit","display_name":"Graphics processing unit","score":0.6323703527450562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.5735652446746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blind-signal-separation","display_name":"Blind signal separation","score":0.4623926877975464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparse-matrix","display_name":"Sparse matrix","score":0.45945245027542114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix-decomposition","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","score":0.4553646445274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4004940390586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3959219753742218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3794653117656708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3400428891181946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.08115658164024353}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.9468798041343689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778119891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477690","display_name":"CUDA","level":2,"score":0.8158206939697266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8037823438644409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152671427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10843505","display_name":"Non-negative matrix factorization","level":4,"score":0.7367370128631592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779851693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183484","display_name":"Graphics processing unit","level":2,"score":0.6323703527450562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.5735652446746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120317606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105967","display_name":"Blind signal separation","level":3,"score":0.4623926877975464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56372850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050404","display_name":"Sparse matrix","level":3,"score":0.45945245027542114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42355184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361088","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","level":3,"score":0.4553646445274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4004940390586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3959219753742218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3794653117656708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3400428891181946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.08115658164024353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2014.2315045","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2014.2315045","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G235825336","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20113219120024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336024","funder_display_name":"Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2993726975","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61071146","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6224043322","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CAST201227","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334995","funder_display_name":"CAST Innovation Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G653588136","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61101194","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334995","display_name":"CAST Innovation Foundation","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336024","display_name":"Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W164384110","https://openalex.org/W235732098","https://openalex.org/W1582058549","https://openalex.org/W1902027874","https://openalex.org/W1976615758","https://openalex.org/W1978985621","https://openalex.org/W1992367803","https://openalex.org/W2019190440","https://openalex.org/W2032345535","https://openalex.org/W2032944446","https://openalex.org/W2040325979","https://openalex.org/W2048419331","https://openalex.org/W2050041778","https://openalex.org/W2054973482","https://openalex.org/W2061315188","https://openalex.org/W2084252873","https://openalex.org/W2095687521","https://openalex.org/W2098295833","https://openalex.org/W2101837437","https://openalex.org/W2116743594","https://openalex.org/W2119886624","https://openalex.org/W2121123096","https://openalex.org/W2125298866","https://openalex.org/W2125357381","https://openalex.org/W2127062304","https://openalex.org/W2133115251","https://openalex.org/W2140501674","https://openalex.org/W2146148434","https://openalex.org/W2154970996","https://openalex.org/W2156458885","https://openalex.org/W2157321686","https://openalex.org/W2163886442","https://openalex.org/W2167256583","https://openalex.org/W2167583754","https://openalex.org/W2949550108","https://openalex.org/W6634825034","https://openalex.org/W6660713223","https://openalex.org/W6763650087"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2351387116","https://openalex.org/W2361100278","https://openalex.org/W1658347130","https://openalex.org/W2398836525","https://openalex.org/W2119534391","https://openalex.org/W2023770367","https://openalex.org/W2503137108","https://openalex.org/W1966576946","https://openalex.org/W2020279179","https://openalex.org/W2765743988"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hyperspectral":[0],"unmixing":[1,50,67,94,149],"is":[2,30,51,58,72,103,128],"a":[3,40,54],"typical":[4],"problem":[5],"of":[6,28,66,80,92,109,116,158,180],"blind":[7],"source":[8],"separation,":[9],"which":[10,23],"can":[11,24,146],"be":[12],"solved":[13],"by":[14],"non-negative":[15],"matrix":[16],"factorization":[17],"(NMF).":[18],"NMF":[19,45],"based":[20,74,95,134],"on":[21,75,96,98,126,135,160],"sparsity,":[22],"increase":[25],"the":[26,62,76,87,117,136,142,148,155,163,167,178,181],"efficiency":[27],"unmixing,":[29],"an":[31],"important":[32],"topic":[33],"in":[34,107],"hyperspectral":[35,49,93,138,175],"unmixing.":[36],"In":[37,82],"this":[38],"paper,":[39],"novel":[41],"constrained":[42],"sparse":[43],"(CS)":[44],"(CSNMF)":[46],"method":[47,79,119,145],"for":[48],"proposed,":[52],"where":[53],"new":[55],"sparsity":[56],"term":[57],"introduced":[59],"to":[60,84],"improve":[61,147],"stability":[63],"and":[64,105,112,130,166,173],"accuracy":[65,111,150],"model.":[68],"The":[69,114,152],"corresponding":[70],"algorithm":[71],"designed":[73],"alternating":[77],"direction":[78],"multiplies.":[81],"order":[83],"further":[85],"enhance":[86],"execution":[88],"speed,":[89],"parallel":[90,156],"optimization":[91,157],"CSNMF":[97,144,159],"graphics":[99],"processing":[100],"units":[101],"(CSNMF-GPU)":[102],"investigated":[104],"compared":[106],"terms":[108],"both":[110,171],"speed.":[113],"realization":[115],"proposed":[118,143],"using":[120,170],"compute":[121],"unified":[122],"device":[123],"architecture":[124],"(CUDA)":[125],"GPUs":[127,161],"described":[129],"evaluated.":[131],"Experimental":[132],"results":[133],"simulated":[137,172],"datasets":[139],"show":[140],"that":[141],"steadily.":[151],"tests":[153],"comparing":[154],"with":[162],"serial":[164],"implementation":[165],"multicore":[168],"implementation,":[169],"real":[174],"data,":[176],"demonstrate":[177],"effectiveness":[179],"CSNMF-GPU":[182],"approach.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-02-27T16:54:17.756197","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}