{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2068323264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2013.2274668","title":"A Comparison of Pixel- and Object-Based Glacier Classification With Optical Satellite Images","display_name":"A Comparison of Pixel- and Object-Based Glacier Classification With Optical Satellite Images","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-08-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2068323264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2013.2274668","mag":"2068323264"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2013.2274668","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2013.2274668","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3433362","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059468108","display_name":"Philipp Rastner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6761-2672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Rastner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","Dept. of Geogr., Univ. of Zurich, Zu\u0308rich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Geogr., Univ. of Zurich, Zu\u0308rich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072209764","display_name":"Tobias Bolch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8201-5059"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["CH","DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Bolch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Cartography, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Dresden, Germany","Dept. of Geogr., Univ. of Zurich, Zu\u0308rich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cartography, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Geogr., Univ. of Zurich, Zu\u0308rich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014002590","display_name":"Claudia Notarnicola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1968-0125"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1319360392","display_name":"Eurac Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt1w755","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319360392"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudia Notarnicola","raw_affiliation_strings":["EURAC research, Institute of Applied Remote Sensing, Bolzano, Italy","Inst. of Appl. Remote Sensing, EURAC Res., Bolzano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EURAC research, Institute of Applied Remote Sensing, Bolzano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1319360392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Appl. Remote Sensing, EURAC Res., Bolzano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1319360392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111386851","display_name":"Frank Paul","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","Dept. of Geogr., Univ. of Zurich, Zu\u0308rich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Geogr., Univ. of Zurich, Zu\u0308rich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4824,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":97,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94249201,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"3","first_page":"853","last_page":"862"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glacier","display_name":"Glacier","score":0.692273736000061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6277655959129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6145440340042114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5803708434104919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.46559131145477295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.39197811484336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.331800639629364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.33172285556793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.11154770851135254}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100834320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666","display_name":"Glacier","level":2,"score":0.692273736000061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6277655959129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6145440340042114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5803708434104919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.46559131145477295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.39197811484336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.331800639629364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.33172285556793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.11154770851135254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2013.2274668","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2013.2274668","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.5167/uzh-81148","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.39UBZ_INST:11272896580001241","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6582695","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197018","display_name":"View","issn_l":"2688-268X","issn":["2688-268X","2688-3988"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:unibz.it:11272896580001241","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://bia.unibz.it/esploro/outputs/journalArticle/A-Comparison-of-Pixel--and-Object-Based/991006336093501241","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197018","display_name":"View","issn_l":"2688-268X","issn":["2688-268X","2688-3988"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:3433362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3433362","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:3433362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3433362","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9316278","https://openalex.org/W1536340909","https://openalex.org/W1967220287","https://openalex.org/W1968657307","https://openalex.org/W1979670443","https://openalex.org/W1981878534","https://openalex.org/W1982526103","https://openalex.org/W1984792953","https://openalex.org/W1991093099","https://openalex.org/W1991129553","https://openalex.org/W2002055428","https://openalex.org/W2006549667","https://openalex.org/W2020496314","https://openalex.org/W2024695456","https://openalex.org/W2032051275","https://openalex.org/W2041369670","https://openalex.org/W2055493143","https://openalex.org/W2063273970","https://openalex.org/W2066947295","https://openalex.org/W2075790569","https://openalex.org/W2080961373","https://openalex.org/W2081806094","https://openalex.org/W2105424262","https://openalex.org/W2114802966","https://openalex.org/W2138373856","https://openalex.org/W2141169867","https://openalex.org/W2142894544","https://openalex.org/W2143682935","https://openalex.org/W2150337006","https://openalex.org/W2153739360","https://openalex.org/W2156661232","https://openalex.org/W2159225273","https://openalex.org/W2164453447","https://openalex.org/W2182089699","https://openalex.org/W2184984123","https://openalex.org/W2186910407","https://openalex.org/W2312997001","https://openalex.org/W2883466786","https://openalex.org/W2995111491","https://openalex.org/W4247414252","https://openalex.org/W6600389026","https://openalex.org/W6632027985","https://openalex.org/W6685721104","https://openalex.org/W6686150410","https://openalex.org/W6686350190","https://openalex.org/W6753035760","https://openalex.org/W6771721587"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2954133528","https://openalex.org/W2070578545","https://openalex.org/W2353119293","https://openalex.org/W4285411112","https://openalex.org/W2384540843","https://openalex.org/W4235595619","https://openalex.org/W2013329914","https://openalex.org/W2392383081","https://openalex.org/W1618102658","https://openalex.org/W4205376403"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Precise":[0],"information":[1,139],"about":[2],"the":[3,34,65,75,93,104,145,167,185,199,209,212],"size":[4],"and":[5,28,30,36,133,137,191],"spatial":[6],"distribution":[7],"of":[8,22,33,39,60,77,106,147,153,169,187,208],"glaciers":[9,40,171],"is":[10,48],"needed":[11],"for":[12,16,31,110,211],"many":[13],"research":[14],"applications,":[15],"example":[17],"water":[18],"resources":[19],"evaluation,":[20],"determination":[21],"glacier":[23,46,111],"specific":[24],"changes":[25],"in":[26,69,113,144,164,166,182],"area":[27],"volume,":[29],"calculation":[32],"past":[35],"future":[37],"contribution":[38],"to":[41,55,74,92,129,142,197,205,219],"sea-level":[42],"change.":[43],"However,":[44],"mapping":[45,112,119,151],"outlines":[47],"challenging":[49,118],"even":[50],"under":[51],"optimal":[52],"conditions":[53],"due":[54],"time":[56],"consuming":[57],"manual":[58,213],"corrections":[59],"wrongly":[61],"classified":[62],"pixels.":[63],"In":[64,99,121],"last":[66],"decades,":[67],"advantages":[68],"computer":[70],"technologies":[71],"have":[72,155],"led":[73],"development":[76],"object-based-image":[78],"analysis":[79,97],"(OBIA),":[80],"an":[81,90],"image":[82,96,126],"classification":[83],"technique":[84],"that":[85],"can":[86],"be":[87],"seen":[88],"as":[89],"alternative":[91],"common":[94],"pixel-based":[95],"(PBIA).":[98],"this":[100],"study":[101],"we":[102],"compare":[103],"performance":[105],"OBIA":[107,154,173,183],"with":[108,117],"PBIA":[109],"three":[114],"test":[115],"regions":[116],"conditions.":[120],"both":[122],"approaches,":[123],"a":[124,157,175,188,206,221],"ratio":[125],"was":[127,140],"created":[128],"map":[130],"clean":[131],"snow":[132],"ice":[134],"while":[135],"thermal":[136],"slope":[138],"used":[141],"assist":[143],"identification":[146],"debris-covered":[148,170],"ice.":[149],"The":[150,179],"results":[152],"overall":[156],"~":[158],"3%":[159],"higher":[160,177],"quality":[161],"than":[162],"PBIA,":[163],"particular":[165],"processing":[168,189],"where":[172],"has":[174],"12%":[176],"accuracy.":[178,223],"post-processing":[180],"possibilities":[181],"(e.g.,":[184],"application":[186],"loop":[190],"neighborhood":[192],"analysis)":[193],"are":[194,216],"especially":[195],"powerful":[196],"improve":[198],"final":[200],"classification.":[201],"This":[202],"leads":[203],"also":[204],"reduction":[207],"workload":[210],"corrections,":[214],"which":[215],"still":[217],"required":[218],"achieve":[220],"sufficient":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
