{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2027015748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2013.2264391","title":"Anomalous Variability in Antarctic Sea Ice Extents During the 1960s With the Use of Nimbus Data","display_name":"Anomalous Variability in Antarctic Sea Ice Extents During the 1960s With the Use of Nimbus Data","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2027015748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2013.2264391","mag":"2027015748"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2013.2264391","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2013.2264391","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20140017193/downloads/20140017193.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021070729","display_name":"D. W. Gallaher","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039322","display_name":"National Snow and Ice Data Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00bxr0z07","country_code":null,"type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I161675122","https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I2802992173","https://openalex.org/I4390039322"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David W. Gallaher","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA","National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado,#N#Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado,#N#Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I4390039322"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106403877","display_name":"G. G. Campbell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0939-0183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039322","display_name":"National Snow and Ice Data Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00bxr0z07","country_code":null,"type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I161675122","https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I2802992173","https://openalex.org/I4390039322"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Garrett Campbell","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA","National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado,#N#Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado,#N#Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I4390039322"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016953733","display_name":"Walter N. Meier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2857-0550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039322","display_name":"National Snow and Ice Data Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00bxr0z07","country_code":null,"type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I161675122","https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I2802992173","https://openalex.org/I4390039322"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Walter N. Meier","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA","National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado,#N#Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado,#N#Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I4390039322"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0534,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8601104,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"3","first_page":"881","last_page":"887"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3243892192840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1834680140018463}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3243892192840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1834680140018463}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2013.2264391","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2013.2264391","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:casi.ntrs.nasa.gov:20140017193","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140017193","pdf_url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20140017193/downloads/20140017193.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196257","display_name":"NASA STI Repository (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210124779","host_organization_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"CASI","raw_type":"GSFC-E-DAA-TN14879"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:casi.ntrs.nasa.gov:20140017193","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140017193","pdf_url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20140017193/downloads/20140017193.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196257","display_name":"NASA STI Repository (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210124779","host_organization_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"CASI","raw_type":"GSFC-E-DAA-TN14879"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2027015748.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2027015748.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970834152","https://openalex.org/W1990304459","https://openalex.org/W2008481432","https://openalex.org/W2065096622","https://openalex.org/W2074306035","https://openalex.org/W2136051345","https://openalex.org/W2152795782","https://openalex.org/W2157322220","https://openalex.org/W2158313600","https://openalex.org/W2163944571","https://openalex.org/W3128238532","https://openalex.org/W3158607832","https://openalex.org/W4240996362","https://openalex.org/W6680118229","https://openalex.org/W6790204586","https://openalex.org/W6794822994"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2121524756","https://openalex.org/W782553550","https://openalex.org/W2633218168","https://openalex.org/W2059707233","https://openalex.org/W1983126463","https://openalex.org/W2095126257","https://openalex.org/W1987967678","https://openalex.org/W2581884039","https://openalex.org/W2031511989","https://openalex.org/W2208335712"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,17,68],"Nimbus":[1,33,47],"I,":[2],"II,":[3],"and":[4,22,59,198],"III":[5],"satellites":[6],"provide":[7],"a":[8,201],"new":[9,122],"opportunity":[10],"for":[11],"climate":[12],"studies":[13],"in":[14,27,120,127,190,219],"the":[15,20,28,31,44,62,100,108,121,130,174,233],"1960s.":[16],"rescue":[18],"of":[19,30,43,178,192,203,207],"visible":[21],"infrared":[23],"imager":[24],"data":[25,34],"resulted":[26],"utilization":[29],"early":[32,45],"to":[35,136,232],"determine":[36],"sea":[37,52,132,205],"ice":[38,53,71,133,206],"extent.":[39],"A":[40],"qualitative":[41],"analysis":[42],"NASA":[46],"missions":[48],"has":[49],"revealed":[50],"Antarctic":[51,234],"extents":[54],"that":[55],"are":[56,228],"significant":[57],"larger":[58],"smaller":[60],"than":[61,107,162],"historic":[63,124],"1979-2012":[64],"passive":[65,175],"microwave":[66,176],"record.":[67],"September":[69,191],"1964":[70,197],"mean":[72],"area":[73],"is":[74,98,160],"19.7":[75],"\u00d7":[76,87,110,138,149,164,180,210],"10":[77,88,111,139,150,165,181,211],"<sup":[78,82,89,93,103,112,116,140,144,151,155,166,170,182,186,212,216],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[79,83,90,94,104,113,117,141,145,152,156,167,171,183,187,213,217],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">6</sup>":[80,91,114,142,153,168,184,214],"km":[81,92,102,115,143,154,169,185,215],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[84,95,105,118,146,157,172,188,218],"\u00b1":[85,147],"0.3":[86,148],".":[96,158],"This":[97,159,194],"more":[99,161],"250,000":[101],"greater":[106],"19.44":[109],"seen":[119],"2012":[123],"maximum.":[125],"However,":[126],"August":[128],"1966":[129,199],"maximum":[131,204],"extent":[134],"fell":[135],"15.9":[137],"1.5":[163],"below":[173],"record":[177],"17.5":[179],"set":[189],"1986.":[193],"variation":[195],"between":[196],"represents":[200],"change":[202],"over":[208],"3":[209],"just":[220],"two":[221],"years.":[222],"These":[223],"inter-annual":[224],"variations":[225],"while":[226],"large,":[227],"small":[229],"when":[230],"compared":[231],"seasonal":[235],"cycle.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
