{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2050594251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2013.2251865","title":"Quality Analysis of NRTK Positioning on Boundary Regions and Under Unfavorable Topographic Conditions in the Southern Iberian Peninsula","display_name":"Quality Analysis of NRTK Positioning on Boundary Regions and Under Unfavorable Topographic Conditions in the Southern Iberian Peninsula","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-04-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2050594251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2013.2251865","mag":"2050594251"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2013.2251865","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2013.2251865","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065193998","display_name":"Ma Selmira Garrido","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8914-9431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191420491","display_name":"Universidad de Ja\u00e9n","ror":"https://ror.org/0122p5f64","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191420491"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ma Selmira Garrido","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cartographic, Geodetic and Photogrammetric Engineering, University of Ja\u00e9n, Ja\u00e9n, Spain","Department of Cartographic, Geodetic and Photogrammetric Engineering University of Jaen Jaen Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cartographic, Geodetic and Photogrammetric Engineering, University of Ja\u00e9n, Ja\u00e9n, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191420491"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cartographic, Geodetic and Photogrammetric Engineering University of Jaen Jaen Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191420491"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048011311","display_name":"Elena Gim\u00e9nez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7138-1870"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191420491","display_name":"Universidad de Ja\u00e9n","ror":"https://ror.org/0122p5f64","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191420491"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena Gimenez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cartographic, Geodetic and Photogrammetric Engineering, University of Ja\u00e9n, Ja\u00e9n, Spain","Department of Cartographic, Geodetic and Photogrammetric Engineering University of Jaen Jaen Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cartographic, Geodetic and Photogrammetric Engineering, University of Ja\u00e9n, Ja\u00e9n, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191420491"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cartographic, Geodetic and Photogrammetric Engineering University of Jaen Jaen Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191420491"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109176948","display_name":"Ma Clara de Lacy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191420491","display_name":"Universidad de Ja\u00e9n","ror":"https://ror.org/0122p5f64","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191420491"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ma Clara de Lacy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cartographic, Geodetic and Photogrammetric Engineering, University of Ja\u00e9n, Ja\u00e9n, Spain","Department of Cartographic, Geodetic and Photogrammetric Engineering University of Jaen Jaen Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cartographic, Geodetic and Photogrammetric Engineering, University of Ja\u00e9n, Ja\u00e9n, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191420491"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cartographic, Geodetic and Photogrammetric Engineering University of Jaen Jaen Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191420491"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069392595","display_name":"Antonio J. Gil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0351-4106"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191420491","display_name":"Universidad de Ja\u00e9n","ror":"https://ror.org/0122p5f64","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191420491"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio J. Gil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cartographic, Geodetic and Photogrammetric Engineering, University of Ja\u00e9n, Ja\u00e9n, Spain","Department of Cartographic, Geodetic and Photogrammetric Engineering University of Jaen Jaen Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cartographic, Geodetic and Photogrammetric Engineering, University of Ja\u00e9n, Ja\u00e9n, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191420491"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cartographic, Geodetic and Photogrammetric Engineering University of Jaen Jaen Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191420491"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065193998"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191420491"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8662,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81474519,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"6","first_page":"2364","last_page":"2374"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9786999821662903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.6931647062301636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","score":0.6736851930618286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.6526948809623718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/altitude","display_name":"Altitude (triangle)","score":0.5734652280807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.5382691621780396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peninsula","display_name":"Peninsula","score":0.5183326005935669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latitude","display_name":"Latitude","score":0.48302921652793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.46612548828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","score":0.4502248167991638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.44809654355049133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.4368531107902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kinematics","display_name":"Kinematics","score":0.4171850085258484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.380725234746933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.31607767939567566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.31472110748291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15078023076057434}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.6931647062301636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.6736851930618286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.6526948809623718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6350597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339495","display_name":"Altitude (triangle)","level":2,"score":0.5734652280807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5382691621780396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123588078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34763","display_name":"Peninsula","level":2,"score":0.5183326005935669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122523270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34027","display_name":"Latitude","level":2,"score":0.48302921652793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.46612548828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4502248167991638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.44809654355049133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.4368531107902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11476","display_name":"Kinematics","level":2,"score":0.4171850085258484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.380725234746933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.31607767939567566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.31472110748291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15078023076057434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2013.2251865","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2013.2251865","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324132","display_name":"Universidad de Ja\u00e9n","ror":"https://ror.org/0122p5f64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W103486354","https://openalex.org/W315933290","https://openalex.org/W1869496786","https://openalex.org/W1964159889","https://openalex.org/W1984123740","https://openalex.org/W1995383584","https://openalex.org/W1996209376","https://openalex.org/W2005667644","https://openalex.org/W2024559428","https://openalex.org/W2025124525","https://openalex.org/W2042939969","https://openalex.org/W2052310533","https://openalex.org/W2059018643","https://openalex.org/W2064250010","https://openalex.org/W2076668783","https://openalex.org/W2091938649","https://openalex.org/W2104154843","https://openalex.org/W2106389019","https://openalex.org/W2114379039","https://openalex.org/W2125483877","https://openalex.org/W2134119495","https://openalex.org/W2148279908","https://openalex.org/W2154630925","https://openalex.org/W2160258435","https://openalex.org/W2161280638","https://openalex.org/W2183297492","https://openalex.org/W2187020461","https://openalex.org/W2235128172","https://openalex.org/W2394796874","https://openalex.org/W2531605823","https://openalex.org/W2739120705","https://openalex.org/W2999351652","https://openalex.org/W3159116866","https://openalex.org/W4249989757","https://openalex.org/W6611082052","https://openalex.org/W6639050007","https://openalex.org/W6675669869","https://openalex.org/W6683676689","https://openalex.org/W6684081644","https://openalex.org/W6686034516","https://openalex.org/W6686918634","https://openalex.org/W6728953833","https://openalex.org/W6741925331","https://openalex.org/W6772292619","https://openalex.org/W6794829630","https://openalex.org/W7005515509"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2356895184","https://openalex.org/W2376261394","https://openalex.org/W2361090956","https://openalex.org/W2358023996","https://openalex.org/W3178791933","https://openalex.org/W2384908925","https://openalex.org/W2362267503","https://openalex.org/W4296351087","https://openalex.org/W2348966193","https://openalex.org/W66024252"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,58,81,201],"aim":[1],"of":[2,13,119,166,178,227],"this":[3],"paper":[4],"is":[5,67,93,101,207],"to":[6,29,42,63,129,209],"check":[7],"the":[8,25,30,43,54,64,85,89,97,112,117,124,131,136,173,179,193,196,218,230,247],"precision,":[9],"accuracy":[10,212],"and":[11,33,38,46,50,88,147,156,172,175,187,224],"repeatability":[12],"network-based":[14],"real":[15],"time":[16],"kinematic":[17],"(NRTK)":[18],"positioning":[19,133,138,215],"under":[20],"favorable":[21,76],"(rover":[22],"located":[23],"inside":[24,148],"active":[26],"network,":[27],"close":[28],"reference":[31,56,65,91],"stations":[32,66,92],"at":[34,47],"a":[35,68,108,185,188],"similar":[36],"altitude)":[37],"nonfavorable":[39],"conditions":[40,158],"(near":[41],"boundaries":[44,73],"region":[45,180],"greater":[48],"distances":[49],"elevation":[51,82],"differences":[52],"from":[53],"nearest":[55,90],"stations).":[57],"rover":[59,86],"location":[60],"with":[61,153,168,213],"respect":[62],"crucial":[69],"factor,":[70],"especially":[71,122],"in":[72,111,123,159,222,242,246],"regions":[74],"where":[75],"geometry":[77],"cannot":[78],"be":[79,107,238],"assured.":[80],"difference":[83],"between":[84],"position":[87],"also":[94],"decisive.":[95],"If":[96],"residual":[98],"tropospheric":[99],"delay":[100],"not":[102],"modeled":[103],"carefully":[104],"there":[105],"will":[106],"bias":[109],"error":[110],"vertical":[113],"component.":[114,126],"This":[115],"affects":[116],"precision":[118],"NRTK":[120,132,214],"positioning,":[121],"altimetric":[125],"In":[127,192],"order":[128],"analyze":[130],"based":[134,216],"on":[135,217],"Andalusian":[137],"network":[139,143,170,197,220],"(RAP),":[140],"three":[141],"\u201cnonsimulated\u201d":[142],"scenarios":[144],"(real":[145],"outside":[146],"test":[149,235],"sites/data":[150],"are":[151,162,182,199],"used)":[152],"different":[154],"topography":[155],"environmental":[157],"Southern":[160],"Spain":[161],"presented:":[163],"central":[164],"area":[165],"Andalusia":[167],"full":[169],"coverage":[171],"northern":[174],"southern":[176],"borders":[177],"which":[181],"characterized":[183],"as":[184],"mountainous":[186],"coastal":[189,225],"area,":[190],"respectively.":[191],"last":[194],"two":[195],"corrections":[198],"extrapolated.":[200],"statistical":[202],"results":[203,232],"confirm":[204],"that":[205],"it":[206],"possible":[208],"achieve":[210],"centimeter-scale":[211],"RAP":[219,248],"even":[221],"border":[223],"areas":[226],"Andalusia.":[228],"However,":[229],"numerical":[231],"for":[233],"each":[234],"site":[236],"may":[237],"taken":[239],"into":[240],"consideration":[241],"proposing":[243],"local":[244],"improvements":[245],"network.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
