{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2033440050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2012.2219507","title":"Alphabet-Based Multisensory Data Fusion and Classification Using Factor Graphs","display_name":"Alphabet-Based Multisensory Data Fusion and Classification Using Factor Graphs","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-12-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2033440050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2012.2219507","mag":"2033440050"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2012.2219507","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2012.2219507","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055985335","display_name":"Aliaksei Makarau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8349-2236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aliaksei Makarau","raw_affiliation_strings":["German AeroSpace Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany","German Aerosp. Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German AeroSpace Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerosp. Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019968186","display_name":"Gintautas Palubinskas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gintautas Palubinskas","raw_affiliation_strings":["German AeroSpace Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany","German Aerosp. Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German AeroSpace Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerosp. Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052386553","display_name":"Peter Reinartz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8122-1475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Reinartz","raw_affiliation_strings":["German AeroSpace Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany","German Aerosp. Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German AeroSpace Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerosp. Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1254,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91923936,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2","first_page":"969","last_page":"990"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9563000202178955,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9535999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7360848188400269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.7279516458511353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factor-graph","display_name":"Factor graph","score":0.5741735100746155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-integration","display_name":"Data integration","score":0.5522048473358154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5320955514907837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.48964816331863403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.48164668679237366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.44969281554222107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.34099701046943665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.24877595901489258}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7360848188400269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.7279516458511353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159246509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428725","display_name":"Factor graph","level":3,"score":0.5741735100746155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72634772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386824","display_name":"Data integration","level":2,"score":0.5522048473358154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5320955514907837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.48964816331863403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.48164668679237366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.44969281554222107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34099701046943665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.24877595901489258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2012.2219507","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2012.2219507","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:elib.dlr.de:77804","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2012.2219507>.","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196266","display_name":"elib (German Aerospace Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320875","display_name":"Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst","ror":"https://ror.org/039djdh30"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321602","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W284909579","https://openalex.org/W1576953024","https://openalex.org/W1599131040","https://openalex.org/W1992063052","https://openalex.org/W1999456234","https://openalex.org/W2000454085","https://openalex.org/W2017102171","https://openalex.org/W2052963087","https://openalex.org/W2067644416","https://openalex.org/W2078478672","https://openalex.org/W2081049226","https://openalex.org/W2091765691","https://openalex.org/W2103384342","https://openalex.org/W2109565719","https://openalex.org/W2112803241","https://openalex.org/W2114220616","https://openalex.org/W2115439269","https://openalex.org/W2115799903","https://openalex.org/W2121203193","https://openalex.org/W2121915926","https://openalex.org/W2124225592","https://openalex.org/W2134963415","https://openalex.org/W2136045369","https://openalex.org/W2137813581","https://openalex.org/W2144123711","https://openalex.org/W2144841545","https://openalex.org/W2149140633","https://openalex.org/W2153744498","https://openalex.org/W2154053567","https://openalex.org/W2154495931","https://openalex.org/W2156575832","https://openalex.org/W2156862556","https://openalex.org/W2157559031","https://openalex.org/W2160199096","https://openalex.org/W2160699216","https://openalex.org/W2161050705","https://openalex.org/W2167277498","https://openalex.org/W2171574223","https://openalex.org/W2468371437","https://openalex.org/W3141093639","https://openalex.org/W4248085236","https://openalex.org/W4252381709","https://openalex.org/W6834357723"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205958290","https://openalex.org/W2099369243","https://openalex.org/W2041399278","https://openalex.org/W2345184372","https://openalex.org/W2120008580","https://openalex.org/W4223656335","https://openalex.org/W3194539120","https://openalex.org/W2136184105","https://openalex.org/W2187500075","https://openalex.org/W2163073107"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"way":[1,68],"of":[2,10,18,31,46,61,69,84,119,140,171,178,205,215,222,240],"multisensory":[3,70,100,158,181,200,216],"data":[4,12,34,43,48,71,80,101,141,159,172,201,217,253],"integration":[5,72],"is":[6,73,122,165,195],"a":[7,39,98,154,188],"crucial":[8],"step":[9],"any":[11],"fusion":[13,58,94,102,131,218,256],"method.":[14],"Different":[15],"physical":[16],"types":[17,30],"sensors":[19],"(optic,":[20],"thermal,":[21],"acoustic,":[22],"or":[23],"radar)":[24],"with":[25,77],"different":[26,29,169],"resolutions,":[27],"and":[28,59,66,219,232,237,254],"GIS":[32],"digital":[33],"(elevation,":[35],"vector":[36],"map)":[37],"require":[38],"proper":[40,99],"method":[41,243],"for":[42,57,137,157,197,225],"integration.":[44],"Incommensurability":[45],"the":[47,62,82,93,138,179,198,241],"may":[49,88],"not":[50],"allow":[51,208],"to":[52,75,90,130,146,173,209,250],"use":[53],"conventional":[54],"statistical":[55],"methods":[56],"processing":[60],"data.":[63,182,235],"A":[64],"correct":[65],"established":[67],"required":[74],"deal":[76],"such":[78],"incommensurable":[79],"as":[81,153],"employment":[83],"an":[85,144,175,211,245],"inappropriate":[86],"methodology":[87],"lead":[89,129],"errors":[91],"in":[92,213],"process.":[95],"To":[96],"perform":[97],"several":[103,147],"strategies":[104],"were":[105],"developed":[106],"(Bayesian,":[107],"linear":[108],"(log":[109],"linear)":[110],"opinion":[111],"pool,":[112],"neural":[113],"networks,":[114],"fuzzy":[115],"logic":[116],"approaches).":[117],"Employment":[118],"these":[120],"approaches":[121],"motivated":[123],"by":[124],"weighted":[125],"consensus":[126],"theory,":[127],"which":[128],"processes":[132],"that":[133],"are":[134,151,185],"correctly":[135],"performed":[136,166],"variety":[139],"properties.":[142],"As":[143],"alternative":[145],"methods,":[148],"factor":[149,206],"graphs":[150,207],"proposed":[152,242],"new":[155],"approach":[156],"fusion.":[160,202],"Feature":[161],"extraction":[162],"(data":[163],"fission)":[164],"separately":[167],"on":[168,187],"sources":[170],"make":[174],"exhausting":[176],"description":[177],"fused":[180],"Extracted":[183],"features":[184],"represented":[186,199],"finite":[189],"predefined":[190],"domain":[191],"(alphabet).":[192],"Factor":[193],"graph":[194],"employed":[196],"Factorization":[203],"properties":[204],"obtain":[210],"improvement":[212],"accuracy":[214,247],"classification":[220],"(identification":[221],"specific":[223],"classes)":[224],"multispectral":[226],"high":[227],"resolution":[228],"WorldView-2,":[229],"TerraSAR-X":[230],"SpotLight,":[231],"elevation":[233],"model":[234],"Application":[236],"numerical":[238],"assessment":[239],"demonstrates":[244],"improved":[246],"comparing":[248],"it":[249],"well":[251],"known":[252],"image":[255],"methods.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
