{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2054849355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2012.2191392","title":"Trends in the Atmospheric Water Vapor Content From Ground-Based GPS: The Impact of the Elevation Cutoff Angle","display_name":"Trends in the Atmospheric Water Vapor Content From Ground-Based GPS: The Impact of the Elevation Cutoff Angle","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-04-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2054849355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2012.2191392","mag":"2054849355"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2012.2191392","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2012.2191392","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/local_159837.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006374721","display_name":"Tong Ning","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9222-1035"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tong Ning","raw_affiliation_strings":["Onsala Space Observatory, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala, Sweden","Dept. of Earth & Space Sci., Chalmers Univ. of Technol., Onsala, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Onsala Space Observatory, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Earth & Space Sci., Chalmers Univ. of Technol., Onsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018807565","display_name":"Gunnar Elgered","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5711-0073"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gunnar Elgered","raw_affiliation_strings":["Onsala Space Observatory, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala, Sweden","Dept. of Earth & Space Sci., Chalmers Univ. of Technol., Onsala, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Onsala Space Observatory, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Earth & Space Sci., Chalmers Univ. of Technol., Onsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006374721"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":44.8111,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99402255,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"3","first_page":"744","last_page":"751"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiosonde","display_name":"Radiosonde","score":0.883283257484436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","score":0.8363456726074219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cutoff","display_name":"Cutoff","score":0.8031632900238037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.5860143899917603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation-coefficient","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","score":0.5390822887420654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.521185576915741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.5092211961746216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cutoff-frequency","display_name":"Cutoff frequency","score":0.48805439472198486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.4132223129272461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3743762671947479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.35038578510284424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.30131345987319946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2873825430870056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2741321325302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1804662048816681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17147457599639893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.10337415337562561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.07786998152732849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.07007148861885071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11999413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852817","display_name":"Radiosonde","level":2,"score":0.883283257484436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.8363456726074219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778217198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556977","display_name":"Cutoff","level":2,"score":0.8031632900238037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.5860143899917603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780092901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433612","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.5390822887420654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.521185576915741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.5092211961746216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6142545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455881","display_name":"Cutoff frequency","level":2,"score":0.48805439472198486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.4132223129272461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3743762671947479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.35038578510284424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.30131345987319946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2873825430870056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2741321325302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1804662048816681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17147457599639893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.10337415337562561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.07786998152732849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.07007148861885071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2012.2191392","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2012.2191392","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.chalmers.se:159837","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/159837","pdf_url":"http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/local_159837.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402469","display_name":"Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.lib.chalmers.se:159837","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/publication/159837-trends-in-the-atmosphericwater-vapor-content-from-ground-based-gps-the-impact-of-the-elevation-cutof","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196470","display_name":"Chalmers Publication Library (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text.Article.Journal.PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:research.chalmers.se:159837","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/159837","pdf_url":"http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/local_159837.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402469","display_name":"Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321030","display_name":"VINNOVA","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd5m353"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2054849355.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2054849355.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W145321752","https://openalex.org/W259950490","https://openalex.org/W1966088036","https://openalex.org/W1979013096","https://openalex.org/W1980317583","https://openalex.org/W1981913065","https://openalex.org/W1984123740","https://openalex.org/W1992450374","https://openalex.org/W2003592666","https://openalex.org/W2004819268","https://openalex.org/W2007064103","https://openalex.org/W2008209404","https://openalex.org/W2018314772","https://openalex.org/W2025626286","https://openalex.org/W2033609651","https://openalex.org/W2046551679","https://openalex.org/W2054479041","https://openalex.org/W2060803307","https://openalex.org/W2073589009","https://openalex.org/W2076413875","https://openalex.org/W2088940741","https://openalex.org/W2090324280","https://openalex.org/W2096034816","https://openalex.org/W2097180716","https://openalex.org/W2099589422","https://openalex.org/W2125513050","https://openalex.org/W2126498846","https://openalex.org/W2135750150","https://openalex.org/W2152035238","https://openalex.org/W2157183908","https://openalex.org/W2158612390","https://openalex.org/W2222194772","https://openalex.org/W4243993857","https://openalex.org/W4253693519"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3201586688","https://openalex.org/W3048460592","https://openalex.org/W2009993245","https://openalex.org/W2058293790","https://openalex.org/W2376699055","https://openalex.org/W1778838665","https://openalex.org/W2372537705","https://openalex.org/W2054466660","https://openalex.org/W2131689943","https://openalex.org/W2243206285"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"used":[1,37],"14":[2],"years":[3],"of":[4,67,83,109,192],"data":[5,52],"from":[6,30,50,154],"12":[7],"GPS":[8,135],"sites":[9],"in":[10,17,38,64],"Sweden":[11],"and":[12,111,134],"Finland":[13],"to":[14,32,45,181],"estimate":[15],"trends":[16,42,48,69,153,172],"the":[18,35,39,46,65,68,71,88,92,98,124,129,143,152,155,164,170,174,190,199],"atmospheric":[19],"integrated":[20],"water":[21],"vapor":[22],"(IWV)":[23],"for":[24,34,74,87,105,136,198],"8":[25],"different":[26,75],"elevation":[27,76,106,125],"cutoff":[28,77,107,126],"angles,":[29],"5\u00b0":[31],"40\u00b0,":[33],"observations":[36],"analyses.":[40],"These":[41],"were":[43],"compared":[44],"corresponding":[47],"obtained":[49,86,103],"radiosonde":[51,133],"at":[53],"7":[54],"nearby":[55],"(<;120":[56],"km)":[57],"sites.":[58],"The":[59,79,113,149],"results":[60,114],"show":[61,115],"a":[62],"variation":[63],"correlation":[66,81,150],"between":[70,97,132,151],"two":[72,156,165],"techniques":[73,159,166],"angles.":[78],"highest":[80],"coefficient":[82],"0.88":[84],"is":[85,140,160,195],"25^":[89],"solution,":[90],"whereas":[91],"smallest":[93],"root-mean-square":[94],"(RMS)":[95],"differences":[96],"IWV":[99,138,171,200],"estimates":[100,139],"themselves":[101],"are":[102,178],"mainly":[104],"angles":[108],"10\u00b0":[110],"15\u00b0.":[112],"that":[116,163,189],"elevation-angle-dependent":[117],"systematic":[118],"errors":[119],"vary":[120],"with":[121],"time.":[122],"Therefore":[123],"angle":[127],"giving":[128],"best":[130],"agreement":[131],"individual":[137,176],"not":[141,196],"necessarily":[142],"optimum":[144],"when":[145],"estimating":[146],"linear":[147],"trends.":[148],"completely":[157],"independent":[158],"strong":[161],"evidence":[162],"provide":[167],"information":[168],"on":[169],"although":[173],"true":[175],"values":[177],"too":[179],"small":[180],"be":[182],"uniquely":[183],"detected.":[184],"In":[185],"addition,":[186],"we":[187],"found":[188],"choice":[191],"mapping":[193],"functions":[194],"critical":[197],"trend":[201],"estimation.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
