{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2060147006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2011.2181340","title":"Automated Extraction of Image-Based Endmember Bundles for Improved Spectral Unmixing","display_name":"Automated Extraction of Image-Based Endmember Bundles for Improved Spectral Unmixing","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2060147006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2011.2181340","mag":"2060147006"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2011.2181340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2011.2181340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083335734","display_name":"Ben Somers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7875-107X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68522396","display_name":"Flemish Institute for Technological Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04gq0w522","country_code":"BE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68522396"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ben Somers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Remote Sensing and Earth Observation Processes (TAP), Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Mol, Belgium","Centre for Remote Sensing & Earth Obs. Processes (TAP), Flemish Inst. for Technol. Res. (VITO), Mol, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Remote Sensing and Earth Observation Processes (TAP), Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Mol, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68522396"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Remote Sensing & Earth Obs. Processes (TAP), Flemish Inst. for Technol. Res. (VITO), Mol, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68522396"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061659921","display_name":"Maciel Zortea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9758-5273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80606768","display_name":"Universidad de Extremadura","ror":"https://ror.org/0174shg90","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maciel Zortea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hyperspectral Computing Laboratory, Department of Technology of Computers and Communications, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain","Dept. of Technol. of Comput. & Commun., Univ. of Extremadura, C\u00e1ceres, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hyperspectral Computing Laboratory, Department of Technology of Computers and Communications, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Technol. of Comput. & Commun., Univ. of Extremadura, C\u00e1ceres, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054292278","display_name":"Antonio Plaza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9613-1659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80606768","display_name":"Universidad de Extremadura","ror":"https://ror.org/0174shg90","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Plaza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hyperspectral Computing Laboratory, Department of Technology of Computers and Communications, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain","Dept. of Technol. of Comput. & Commun., Univ. of Extremadura, C\u00e1ceres, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hyperspectral Computing Laboratory, Department of Technology of Computers and Communications, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Technol. of Comput. & Commun., Univ. of Extremadura, C\u00e1ceres, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035372982","display_name":"Gregory P. Asner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7893-6421"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196817621","display_name":"Carnegie Institution for Science","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr01610","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196817621"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory P. Asner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA","Dept. of Global Ecology, Carnegie Instn. for Sci., Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196817621"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Global Ecology, Carnegie Instn. for Sci., Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083335734"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68522396"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":23.9466,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":202,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99661969,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"396","last_page":"408"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endmember","display_name":"Endmember","score":0.9985363483428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.9421699047088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6328114867210388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5785186290740967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5753265619277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.4777378439903259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4539889097213745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3330249786376953}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58237817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5376204","display_name":"Endmember","level":3,"score":0.9985363483428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.9421699047088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6328114867210388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5785186290740967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5753265619277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.4777378439903259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4539889097213745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3330249786376953}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2011.2181340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2011.2181340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.652.742","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.652.742","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.umbc.edu/rssipl/people/aplaza/Papers/Journals/2012.JSTARS.Bundles.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306159","display_name":"W. M. Keck Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/000dswa46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306202","display_name":"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/006wxqw41"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324551","display_name":"Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/04gq0w522"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338080","display_name":"European Social Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W206024","https://openalex.org/W1530278140","https://openalex.org/W1532610010","https://openalex.org/W1582058549","https://openalex.org/W1965853007","https://openalex.org/W1966798775","https://openalex.org/W1972293418","https://openalex.org/W1972790666","https://openalex.org/W1976615758","https://openalex.org/W1977556410","https://openalex.org/W2012749606","https://openalex.org/W2015410376","https://openalex.org/W2021755911","https://openalex.org/W2049816125","https://openalex.org/W2050027510","https://openalex.org/W2050041778","https://openalex.org/W2069921544","https://openalex.org/W2070424424","https://openalex.org/W2081555128","https://openalex.org/W2083190453","https://openalex.org/W2087964169","https://openalex.org/W2096296424","https://openalex.org/W2098295833","https://openalex.org/W2101837437","https://openalex.org/W2101845176","https://openalex.org/W2107222994","https://openalex.org/W2109006918","https://openalex.org/W2109211655","https://openalex.org/W2113951177","https://openalex.org/W2114486983","https://openalex.org/W2116699851","https://openalex.org/W2117027921","https://openalex.org/W2117741752","https://openalex.org/W2118943995","https://openalex.org/W2122520938","https://openalex.org/W2122976738","https://openalex.org/W2125298866","https://openalex.org/W2127062304","https://openalex.org/W2127523161","https://openalex.org/W2128090514","https://openalex.org/W2136981272","https://openalex.org/W2142786738","https://openalex.org/W2143457518","https://openalex.org/W2144881411","https://openalex.org/W2145554279","https://openalex.org/W2147043781","https://openalex.org/W2151649773","https://openalex.org/W2153727808","https://openalex.org/W2153753491","https://openalex.org/W2155052878","https://openalex.org/W2156401956","https://openalex.org/W2156458885","https://openalex.org/W2157321686","https://openalex.org/W2165755981","https://openalex.org/W2166917517","https://openalex.org/W2170406089","https://openalex.org/W2295820431","https://openalex.org/W3139499394","https://openalex.org/W4233760599","https://openalex.org/W4248253651","https://openalex.org/W6634825034","https://openalex.org/W6792379847"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2037328426","https://openalex.org/W2891033441","https://openalex.org/W1990914742","https://openalex.org/W3106536224","https://openalex.org/W2890371384","https://openalex.org/W2006559622","https://openalex.org/W2040756827","https://openalex.org/W2138418872","https://openalex.org/W2051769241","https://openalex.org/W2773863718"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spectral":[0],"unmixing":[1,110,205],"is":[2,76,102,174,190],"an":[3,199],"important":[4],"task":[5],"in":[6,21,80,98,148,165,232],"hyperspectral":[7,47,155,213,235],"data":[8,48,214],"exploitation.":[9],"It":[10],"amounts":[11],"to":[12,113,131,135,192],"estimating":[13],"the":[14,28,62,83,86,117,146,153,159,184,218,233],"abundance":[15,225],"of":[16,61,71,85,116,152,162,178],"pure":[17,163,179],"spectral":[18,100,109,176],"constituents":[19],"(endmembers)":[20],"each":[22,60],"(possibly":[23],"mixed)":[24],"observation":[25],"collected":[26],"by":[27,126,227],"imaging":[29],"instrument.":[30],"In":[31],"recent":[32],"years,":[33],"several":[34,193],"endmember":[35,44,57,64,73,99,119,200,230],"extraction":[36,45],"algorithms":[37],"(EEAs)":[38],"have":[39],"been":[40],"proposed":[41,188,219],"for":[42,59,106,204,229],"automated":[43],"from":[46,183],"sets.":[49],"Traditionally,":[50],"EEAs":[51,134,147,195],"extract/select":[52],"only":[53],"one":[54],"single":[55],"standard":[56],"spectrum":[58],"presented":[63],"classes":[65],"or":[66],"scene":[67,87,142],"components.":[68],"The":[69,172,187],"use":[70],"fixed":[72],"spectra,":[74],"however,":[75],"a":[77,95,128,166,169,175],"simplification":[78],"since":[79],"many":[81],"cases":[82],"conditions":[84],"components":[88],"are":[89],"spatially":[90],"and":[91,157,196,211],"temporally":[92],"variable.":[93],"As":[94],"result,":[96],"variation":[97],"signatures":[101],"not":[103],"always":[104],"accounted":[105],"and,":[107],"hence,":[108],"can":[111,221],"lead":[112],"poor":[114],"accuracy":[115],"estimated":[118],"fractions.":[120],"Here,":[121],"we":[122],"address":[123],"this":[124],"issue":[125],"developing":[127],"simple":[129],"strategy":[130,220],"adapt":[132],"available":[133],"select":[136],"multiple":[137],"endmembers":[138],"(or":[139],"bundles)":[140],"per":[141],"component.":[143],"We":[144],"run":[145],"randomly":[149],"selected":[150],"subsets":[151],"original":[154,234],"image,":[156],"group":[158],"extracted":[160,181],"samples":[161],"materials":[164],"bundle":[167],"using":[168],"clustering":[170],"technique.":[171],"output":[173],"library":[177],"materials,":[180],"automatically":[182],"input":[185],"scene.":[186],"technique":[189,203],"applied":[191],"common":[194],"combined":[197],"with":[198,208],"variability":[201,231],"reduction":[202],"purposes.":[206],"Experiments":[207],"both":[209],"simulated":[210],"real":[212],"sets":[215],"indicate":[216],"that":[217],"significantly":[222],"improve":[223],"fractional":[224],"estimations":[226],"accounting":[228],"data.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}