{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2001951615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2011.2178399","title":"Performance Evaluation for 3-D City Model Generation of Six Different DSMs From Air- and Spaceborne Sensors","display_name":"Performance Evaluation for 3-D City Model Generation of Six Different DSMs From Air- and Spaceborne Sensors","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2001951615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2011.2178399","mag":"2001951615"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2011.2178399","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2011.2178399","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056056423","display_name":"Beril S\u0131rma\u00e7ek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0343-5072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Beril Sirmacek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Sensing Technologies Institute, Photogrammetry and Image Analysis Department, Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft und Raumfahrt, Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Technologies Institute, Photogrammetry and Image Analysis Department, Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft und Raumfahrt, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046449632","display_name":"Hannes Taubenb\u00f6ck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4360-9126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hannes Taubenbock","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Remote Sensing Data Center, German AeroSpace Center, Bavaria, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Remote Sensing Data Center, German AeroSpace Center, Bavaria, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052386553","display_name":"Peter Reinartz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8122-1475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Reinartz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Sensing Technology Institute, German AeroSpace Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Technology Institute, German AeroSpace Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108422350","display_name":"Manfred Ehlers","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170658231","display_name":"Osnabr\u00fcck University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qmmjx98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manfred Ehlers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing (IGF), University of Osnabr\u00fcck, Osnabrueck, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing (IGF), University of Osnabr\u00fcck, Osnabrueck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056056423"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.5558,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":77,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98531217,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"59","last_page":"70"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12983","display_name":"Satellite Image Processing and Photogrammetry","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7973642349243164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.6602104306221008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5869354009628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5842728018760681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5641284584999084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpolation","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","score":0.5271784067153931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5169641375541687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.4782882332801819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47030943632125854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.19750580191612244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09536582231521606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7973642349243164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.6602104306221008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5869354009628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5842728018760681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5641284584999084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137800194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11713455","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.5271784067153931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5169641375541687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4782882332801819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47030943632125854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.19750580191612244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09536582231521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2011.2178399","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2011.2178399","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:elib.dlr.de:74506","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://elib.dlr.de/74506/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196266","display_name":"elib (German Aerospace Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Zeitschriftenbeitrag"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314044","display_name":"Augsburg University","ror":"https://ror.org/057ewhh68"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W49407266","https://openalex.org/W74716078","https://openalex.org/W102995065","https://openalex.org/W214577476","https://openalex.org/W307127747","https://openalex.org/W1254826609","https://openalex.org/W1563089601","https://openalex.org/W1601639058","https://openalex.org/W1674866864","https://openalex.org/W1830028472","https://openalex.org/W1964111306","https://openalex.org/W1969599301","https://openalex.org/W1973025932","https://openalex.org/W1974526806","https://openalex.org/W1984792953","https://openalex.org/W1997452126","https://openalex.org/W2008477163","https://openalex.org/W2010472122","https://openalex.org/W2013882327","https://openalex.org/W2017102171","https://openalex.org/W2073936917","https://openalex.org/W2098003431","https://openalex.org/W2111308925","https://openalex.org/W2113937139","https://openalex.org/W2117248802","https://openalex.org/W2121264346","https://openalex.org/W2121646224","https://openalex.org/W2124167784","https://openalex.org/W2130687666","https://openalex.org/W2140979518","https://openalex.org/W2145023731","https://openalex.org/W2155653432","https://openalex.org/W2163985742","https://openalex.org/W2168548458","https://openalex.org/W2253459759","https://openalex.org/W2257547610","https://openalex.org/W2289616457","https://openalex.org/W2325980629","https://openalex.org/W2911709767","https://openalex.org/W4251036056","https://openalex.org/W6603079679","https://openalex.org/W6604232496","https://openalex.org/W6610739125","https://openalex.org/W6638673719","https://openalex.org/W6680505183","https://openalex.org/W6692383762","https://openalex.org/W6701541992"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2075551353","https://openalex.org/W4312559648","https://openalex.org/W2391245565","https://openalex.org/W1995725219","https://openalex.org/W52212228","https://openalex.org/W2333863229","https://openalex.org/W1758409498","https://openalex.org/W1995188412","https://openalex.org/W3115878180","https://openalex.org/W2999716102"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"remote":[1],"sensing":[2],"provides":[3],"more":[4,6,57],"and":[5,8,70,81,111,139,148,164,193,199,224],"sensors":[7,195,216],"techniques":[9,72],"to":[10,30,41,66,84,116,160],"accumulate":[11],"data":[12],"on":[13,105,145,205],"urban":[14,88],"regions,":[15],"three-dimensional":[16,32,87,119,140],"representations":[17],"of":[18,35,126,132,154,181,209,221],"these":[19,73,95],"complex":[20,133],"environments":[21],"gained":[22],"much":[23],"interest":[24],"for":[25,173,217,226,233],"various":[26],"applications.":[27,227],"In":[28],"order":[29,83],"obtain":[31,85],"representations,":[33],"one":[34],"the":[36,152,155,157,162,210,213,234],"most":[37],"practical":[38],"ways":[39],"is":[40,114,159],"generate":[42],"Digital":[43],"Surface":[44],"Models":[45],"(DSMs)":[46],"using":[47,62],"very":[48,230],"high":[49],"resolution":[50],"remotely":[51],"sensed":[52],"images":[53],"from":[54,94,187,212,237],"two":[55],"or":[56,60],"viewing":[58],"directions,":[59],"by":[61],"LIDAR":[63],"sensors.":[64],"Due":[65],"occlusions,":[67],"matching":[68],"errors":[69],"interpolation":[71],"DSMs":[74,180,235],"do":[75],"not":[76],"exhibit":[77],"completely":[78],"steep":[79],"walls,":[80],"in":[82,170],"real":[86],"models":[89],"including":[90],"objects":[91],"like":[92],"buildings":[93],"DSMs,":[96],"advanced":[97],"methods":[98],"are":[99,185],"needed.":[100],"A":[101],"novel":[102],"approach":[103,124],"based":[104,144],"building":[106,120,134,141],"shape":[107,147],"detection,":[108],"height":[109],"estimation,":[110],"rooftop":[112,137,149],"reconstruction":[113,143],"proposed":[115],"achieve":[117],"realistic":[118],"representations.":[121],"Our":[122],"automatic":[123],"consists":[125],"three":[127],"main":[128],"modules":[129],"as;":[130],"detection":[131],"shapes,":[135],"understanding":[136,220],"type,":[138],"model":[142],"detected":[146],"type.":[150],"Besides":[151],"development":[153],"methodology,":[156],"goal":[158],"investigate":[161],"applicability":[163],"accuracy":[165],"which":[166,184],"can":[167],"be":[168],"accomplished":[169],"this":[171],"context":[172],"different":[174,188,214],"stereo":[175],"sensor":[176],"data.":[177,239],"We":[178],"use":[179],"Munich":[182],"city":[183],"obtained":[186],"satellite":[189,238],"(Cartosat-1,":[190],"Ikonos,":[191],"WorldView-2)":[192],"airborne":[194],"(3K":[196],"camera,":[197],"HRSC,":[198],"LIDAR).":[200],"The":[201],"paper":[202],"later":[203],"focuses":[204],"a":[206,218],"quantitative":[207],"comparisons":[208],"outputs":[211],"multi-view":[215],"better":[219],"qualities,":[222],"capabilities":[223],"possibilities":[225],"Results":[228],"look":[229],"promising":[231],"even":[232],"derived":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
