{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162582100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2026.3695482","title":"TexCAC: A Direct-Textile-Attachable Microcontroller Integrating 2-MB MRAM for the Command and Control of Advanced Smart Textiles","display_name":"TexCAC: A Direct-Textile-Attachable Microcontroller Integrating 2-MB MRAM for the Command and Control of Advanced Smart Textiles","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162582100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2026.3695482"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2026.3695482","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2026.3695482","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128103875","display_name":"Jacob Mack","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacob Mack","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7611-5422","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036388111","display_name":"Qirui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8113-3558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qirui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8113-3558","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137095589","display_name":"He Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137145173","display_name":"Yi Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6104-8487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6104-8487","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101810703","display_name":"Jian-Fei Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7028-9597"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeongtaek Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3236-9973","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022713561","display_name":"Heejin Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6873-5551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heejin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6873-5551","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071412160","display_name":"Anjali Agrawal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7653-7897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anjali Agrawal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6069-7548","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008585508","display_name":"Zichen Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8181-2996"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zichen Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8181-2996","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137157818","display_name":"Braden Desman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2836-168X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Braden Desman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2836-168X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120270179","display_name":"Zane Lewis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13854938","display_name":"Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03fpx5n61","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13854938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zane Lewis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nautilus Defense LLC, Pawtucket, RI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nautilus Defense LLC, Pawtucket, RI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13854938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103786125","display_name":"Thomas Farrell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13854938","display_name":"Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03fpx5n61","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13854938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Farrell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nautilus Defense LLC, Pawtucket, RI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nautilus Defense LLC, Pawtucket, RI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13854938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035213479","display_name":"David Blaauw","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Blaauw","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136139971","display_name":"Will Farrell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13854938","display_name":"Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03fpx5n61","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13854938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Will Farrell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nautilus Defense LLC, Pawtucket, RI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nautilus Defense LLC, Pawtucket, RI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13854938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034530989","display_name":"Jim Owens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4015-8075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13854938","display_name":"Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03fpx5n61","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13854938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jim Owens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nautilus Defense LLC, Pawtucket, RI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nautilus Defense LLC, Pawtucket, RI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13854938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136104539","display_name":"Benton H. Calhoun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benton H. Calhoun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3770-5050","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059863019","display_name":"D. Sylvester","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennis Sylvester","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2598-0458","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61635095,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"7","first_page":"3307","last_page":"3316"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11608","display_name":"Dielectric materials and actuators","score":0.3700999915599823,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11608","display_name":"Dielectric materials and actuators","score":0.3700999915599823,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.16019999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.10159999877214432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcontroller","display_name":"Microcontroller","score":0.6216999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4278999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetoresistive-random-access-memory","display_name":"Magnetoresistive random-access memory","score":0.41749998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.40619999170303345}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173018170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165678","display_name":"Microcontroller","level":2,"score":0.6216999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46869999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4327999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4278999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46891859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061546","display_name":"Magnetoresistive random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.41749998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.41429999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.40619999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.26080000400543213}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2026.3695482","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2026.3695482","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6622503737","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N66001-23-C-4512","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333051","funder_display_name":"Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333051","display_name":"Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity","ror":"https://ror.org/01v3fsc55"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Advanced":[0],"smart":[1],"textiles":[2],"(ASTs)":[3],"are":[4],"textile-integrated":[5],"electronic":[6,22],"systems":[7],"that":[8,141],"enable":[9,25],"many":[10],"applications,":[11],"including":[12,188],"healthcare,":[13],"robotics,":[14],"and":[15,57,93,107,134,159,165,205,224],"IoT.":[16],"ASTs":[17,122],"contain":[18],"a":[19,38,84,139,143,199],"variety":[20],"of":[21,46,64,82,95,100,115,179,196,220,232],"components":[23],"to":[24,130,169,208],"whole":[26],"system":[27,53,58],"functionality":[28],"(batteries,":[29],"sensors,":[30],"SoCs,":[31],"etc.),":[32],"which":[33,236],"all":[34],"require":[35],"orchestration":[36],"from":[37],"central":[39],"command-and-control":[40],"(CAC)":[41],"module.":[42],"The":[43,61,97,176],"primary":[44],"functions":[45],"the":[47,65,69,91,121,124,184],"CAC":[48,66],"module":[49,67],"include":[50],"data":[51,171,210],"retrieval,":[52],"boot,":[54],"firmware":[55],"storage,":[56],"timing":[59],"synchronization.":[60],"critical":[62],"nature":[63],"underscores":[68],"need":[70],"for":[71,75,90,120,194],"an":[72,189,216,228],"MCU":[73,89],"suitable":[74],"ASTs.":[76,96],"This":[77],"work":[78],"presents":[79],"two":[80],"versions":[81],"TexCAC:":[83],"direct-textile-attachable":[85],"non-volatile":[86],"memory":[87],"(NVM)-based":[88],"command":[92],"control":[94],"first":[98,185],"version":[99,178,186],"TexCAC":[101,180],"(TexCACV1)":[102],"is":[103,118],"fabricated":[104],"in":[105,123],"22nm":[106],"occupies":[108],"4.8mm<sup":[109],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[110,153],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[111],"while":[112],"integrating":[113],"2MB":[114],"MRAM.":[116],"TexCACV1":[117,213],"optimized":[119],"following":[125],"three":[126],"ways:":[127],"I/O":[128],"streamlining":[129],"reduce":[131,170],"bondpad":[132],"count":[133],"die":[135],"area":[136],"by":[137,151,174,187],"60%,":[138],"bootloader":[140],"supports":[142],"novel":[144],"program":[145,149],"context":[146],"switching,":[147],"boosting":[148],"size":[150],"<inline-formula":[152],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[154],"<tex-math":[155],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$16\\times":[156],"$</tex-math>":[157],"</inline-formula>,":[158],"combining":[160],"dynamic":[161],"frequency":[162],"scaling":[163],"(DFS)":[164],"MRAM":[166],"power":[167],"gating":[168],"exfiltration":[172,211],"energy":[173,219,231],"40%.":[175],"second":[177],"(TexCACV2)":[181],"improves":[182],"upon":[183],"on-chip":[190],"low-dropout":[191],"regulator":[192],"(LDO)":[193],"self-regulation":[195],"core":[197],"voltage,":[198],"more":[200],"stable":[201],"power-on-reset":[202],"(POR)":[203],"sequence,":[204],"chip":[206],"bypassing":[207],"improve":[209],"speed.":[212],"can":[214,226],"achieve":[215,227],"optimal":[217,229],"active":[218,230],"18pJ/cycle":[221],"at":[222,234],"0.52V,":[223],"TexCACV2":[225],"154pJ/cycle":[233],"0.7V,":[235],"both":[237],"rival":[238],"SOTA":[239],"MCUs.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-05-28T00:00:00"}