{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415883334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2025.3624099","title":"kNOT: A 2-D Distributed Network-on-Textile Architecture With Direct Die-to-Yarn Integration of 0.6 \u00d7 2.15 mm <sup>2</sup> SoC and bySPI Chiplets for Wearable Computing","display_name":"kNOT: A 2-D Distributed Network-on-Textile Architecture With Direct Die-to-Yarn Integration of 0.6 \u00d7 2.15 mm <sup>2</sup> SoC and bySPI Chiplets for Wearable Computing","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415883334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2025.3624099"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2025.3624099","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2025.3624099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022897605","display_name":"Anjali Agrawal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6069-7548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anjali Agrawal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6069-7548","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100615273","display_name":"Zhenghong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9459-3789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenghong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116533063","display_name":"Braden E. Desman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2836-168X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Braden E. Desman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2836-168X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101607891","display_name":"Jinhua Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1376-8134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinhua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031650668","display_name":"Akiyoshi Tanaka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8535-6513"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akiyoshi Tanaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8535-6513","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116533064","display_name":"Fahim Foysal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahim Foysal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Charles D. Hess","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles D. Hess","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043083129","display_name":"W. M. Farrell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-7654"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13854938","display_name":"Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03fpx5n61","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13854938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Will Farrell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nautilus Defense LLC, Pawtucket, RI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nautilus Defense LLC, Pawtucket, RI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13854938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034530989","display_name":"Jim Owens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4015-8075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13854938","display_name":"Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03fpx5n61","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13854938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jim Owens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nautilus Defense LLC, Pawtucket, RI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nautilus Defense LLC, Pawtucket, RI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13854938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081774167","display_name":"Daniel S. Truesdell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5723-0398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel S. Truesdell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5723-0398","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080557997","display_name":"Benton H. Calhoun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3770-5050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benton H. Calhoun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3770-5050","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.33456964,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"1","first_page":"103","last_page":"115"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9122999906539917,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9122999906539917,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11527","display_name":"3D IC and TSV technologies","score":0.03290000185370445,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.008899999782443047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interfacing","display_name":"Interfacing","score":0.8845999836921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.5340999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knot","display_name":"Knot (papermaking)","score":0.47850000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.40950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arm-architecture","display_name":"ARM architecture","score":0.36800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-on-a-chip","display_name":"System on a chip","score":0.350600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.34540000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-technology","display_name":"Wearable technology","score":0.33070001006126404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776303644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1020499","display_name":"Interfacing","level":2,"score":0.8845999836921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.6894000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.5340999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.48820000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779863119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6423048","display_name":"Knot (papermaking)","level":2,"score":0.47850000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.40950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16980","display_name":"ARM architecture","level":2,"score":0.36800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118021083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q610398","display_name":"System on a chip","level":2,"score":0.350600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.34540000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54290928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4845080","display_name":"Wearable technology","level":3,"score":0.33070001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12269588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132364","display_name":"Communications protocol","level":2,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.3098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.30390000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32833848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4115054","display_name":"Extensibility","level":2,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.2971999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.28679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983254600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096907","display_name":"Power grid","level":3,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36877392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1229571","display_name":"Distributed power","level":3,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98025372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477538","display_name":"Systems architecture","level":3,"score":0.25380000472068787}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2025.3624099","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2025.3624099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6622503737","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N66001-23-C-4512","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333051","funder_display_name":"Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333051","display_name":"Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity","ror":"https://ror.org/01v3fsc55"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965973573","https://openalex.org/W1984863066","https://openalex.org/W2035179348","https://openalex.org/W2097502965","https://openalex.org/W2144371247","https://openalex.org/W2792260701","https://openalex.org/W2796075095","https://openalex.org/W2898646670","https://openalex.org/W2953133689","https://openalex.org/W3015690986","https://openalex.org/W3018778368","https://openalex.org/W3080474852","https://openalex.org/W3083154738","https://openalex.org/W3108879573","https://openalex.org/W3164403439","https://openalex.org/W4206944723","https://openalex.org/W4220819896","https://openalex.org/W4281787370","https://openalex.org/W4360605522","https://openalex.org/W4383895104","https://openalex.org/W4390905274","https://openalex.org/W4390970741","https://openalex.org/W4391565674","https://openalex.org/W4392127956","https://openalex.org/W4394579527","https://openalex.org/W4401880214","https://openalex.org/W4408174477"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,136],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"kNOT,":[3],"a":[4,67,101,144],"scalable,":[5,148],"distributed,":[6],"and":[7,17,28,35,41,58,77,87,108,128,139],"2-D":[8],"Network-On-Textile":[9],"(kNOT)":[10],"comprising":[11],"miniaturized":[12],"systems":[13],"on":[14],"chip":[15],"(SoCs)":[16],"bypass":[18],"SPI":[19,71],"(bySPI)":[20],"networking":[21,27],"chiplets":[22],"that":[23],"together":[24],"enable":[25],"diverse":[26],"computational":[29],"tasks.":[30],"To":[31],"preserve":[32],"garment":[33],"comfort":[34],"flexibility,":[36],"kNOT":[37,142],"eliminates":[38],"bulky":[39],"boards":[40],"interposers":[42],"through":[43],"direct-die":[44],"attachment":[45],"to":[46],"embroidered":[47],"yarns.":[48],"The":[49,91],"SoC":[50,119],"features":[51],"reconfigurable":[52],"IO":[53],"pads,":[54],"global":[55],"fault-tolerant":[56],"bootup,":[57],"high-precision":[59],"clock":[60],"synchronization,":[61],"while":[62],"the":[63,118],"bySPI":[64,129],"chiplet":[65],"implements":[66],"compact,":[68],"COTS-compatible":[69],"three-wire":[70],"protocol":[72],"supporting":[73],"group":[74],"access,":[75],"soft-reset,":[76],"direction-controlled":[78],"routing.":[79],"Together,":[80],"they":[81],"support":[82],"distributed":[83],"programming,":[84],"synchronized":[85],"timestamping,":[86],"efficient":[88],"inter-chiplet":[89],"communication.":[90],"chiplets,":[92],"fabricated":[93],"in":[94],"65-nm":[95],"CMOS,":[96],"demonstrate":[97],"robust":[98],"operation":[99],"across":[100],"textile":[102],"network":[103],"interfacing":[104],"with":[105,114],"commercial":[106],"sensors":[107],"memories.":[109],"Operating":[110],"at":[111,125,133],"1.8":[112],"V":[113],"on-chip":[115],"1.12-V":[116],"regulation,":[117],"consumes":[120,130],"power":[121],"of":[122],"1.98":[123],"mW":[124,132],"50":[126],"MHz,":[127],"0.22":[131],"25":[134],"MHz.":[135],"high":[137],"integrability":[138],"functionality":[140],"position":[141],"as":[143],"promising":[145],"foundation":[146],"for":[147],"garment-spanning":[149],"wearable":[150],"intelligence.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-11-04T00:00:00"}