{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415707379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2025.3621305","title":"A 77-GHz Hybrid TDM-MIMO Phased-Array Radar With 186-m Detection Range and 3-cm Range Resolution","display_name":"A 77-GHz Hybrid TDM-MIMO Phased-Array Radar With 186-m Detection Range and 3-cm Range Resolution","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415707379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2025.3621305"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2025.3621305","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2025.3621305","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063936083","display_name":"Zitong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7475-6033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zitong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021211048","display_name":"Yuri Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5445-5885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuri Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101419052","display_name":"Wentao Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wentao Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088236472","display_name":"Y.G. Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuqin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059628008","display_name":"Bo Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4510-030X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113569049","display_name":"C. H. Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenge Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082500919","display_name":"Z.Q. Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiluo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101084865","display_name":"Sheng Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042217223","display_name":"Yixian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9886-5368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yixian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006510287","display_name":"Zhijun Ren","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihao Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087544401","display_name":"Cong Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032570083","display_name":"Zhixin Yin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhixin Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100574023","display_name":"Kangjie Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9565-0850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kangjie Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115695015","display_name":"Ziyao Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziyao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081466675","display_name":"Can Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8955-6245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Can Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061531444","display_name":"Ziyan Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziyan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100831316","display_name":"Y. Qian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunhan Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041089488","display_name":"Chunqi Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0693-9444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunqi Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012401090","display_name":"Leilei Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8900-4109"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leilei Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039735253","display_name":"Guangsheng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5963-383X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangsheng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109214069","display_name":"Jinghong Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinghong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050153851","display_name":"Runxi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1459-5362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Runxi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":22,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063936083"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.31364456,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"12","first_page":"4678","last_page":"4693"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.6129999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.6129999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.11159999668598175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.052000001072883606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.5303000211715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4733000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chirp","display_name":"Chirp","score":0.4553999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linearity","display_name":"Linearity","score":0.4542999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.426800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.4235999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ripple","display_name":"Ripple","score":0.4174000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.4108000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.36579999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-doppler-radar","display_name":"Pulse-Doppler radar","score":0.35100001096725464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5999000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.5303000211715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4733000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4717000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132794960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27304","display_name":"Chirp","level":3,"score":0.4553999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77170095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753188","display_name":"Linearity","level":2,"score":0.4542999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.426800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.4235999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779599953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1776117","display_name":"Ripple","level":3,"score":0.4174000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4108000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.37950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.36579999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139931591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029151","display_name":"Pulse-Doppler radar","level":4,"score":0.35100001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34450000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.34200000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55366258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332683","display_name":"Superheterodyne receiver","level":3,"score":0.33730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134406370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832005","display_name":"Radar engineering details","level":4,"score":0.336899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.32109999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147345108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693040","display_name":"Low probability of intercept radar","level":5,"score":0.31779998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778559676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334213","display_name":"Doppler radar","level":3,"score":0.3165000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5291336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852341","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","level":3,"score":0.30489999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7054721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940572","display_name":"Center frequency","level":3,"score":0.3043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182099602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2660678","display_name":"Frequency synthesizer","level":4,"score":0.30230000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151120012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2143008","display_name":"Passive radar","level":5,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103864889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4480524","display_name":"Phase shift module","level":3,"score":0.29750001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112806910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746825","display_name":"Noise figure","level":4,"score":0.29739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.29600000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110086884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2085341","display_name":"Phase detector","level":3,"score":0.2904999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100102862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625855","display_name":"Bistatic radar","level":4,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182862853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575887","display_name":"Pulse repetition frequency","level":3,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187612029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17083130","display_name":"Noise floor","level":4,"score":0.2791000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.2782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11930861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181417","display_name":"Frequency modulation","level":3,"score":0.27390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30066665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164399","display_name":"Capacitance","level":3,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178824520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502853","display_name":"Frequency agility","level":3,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84236424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1028695","display_name":"Fire-control radar","level":5,"score":0.2581000030040741}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2025.3621305","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2025.3621305","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W171918163","https://openalex.org/W1987860578","https://openalex.org/W1998515001","https://openalex.org/W2034290464","https://openalex.org/W2050982928","https://openalex.org/W2058349127","https://openalex.org/W2060014791","https://openalex.org/W2096302606","https://openalex.org/W2102365579","https://openalex.org/W2108370022","https://openalex.org/W2111585202","https://openalex.org/W2115483142","https://openalex.org/W2193061887","https://openalex.org/W2321349156","https://openalex.org/W2329897903","https://openalex.org/W2560743083","https://openalex.org/W2565221490","https://openalex.org/W2592680288","https://openalex.org/W2619168741","https://openalex.org/W2626058186","https://openalex.org/W2789350381","https://openalex.org/W2900825581","https://openalex.org/W2921235921","https://openalex.org/W2921712855","https://openalex.org/W2985550022","https://openalex.org/W3035156897","https://openalex.org/W3108647219","https://openalex.org/W3121281254","https://openalex.org/W3134095171","https://openalex.org/W3135264457","https://openalex.org/W4206094072","https://openalex.org/W4377710627","https://openalex.org/W4408183025"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,14,46,91,109,182,215,225,254,280,330,348,355,364,371],"fully":[4],"integrated":[5],"77-GHz":[6],"hybrid":[7,361],"time-division-multiplexing":[8],"multiple-input\u2013multiple-output":[9],"(TDM-MIMO)":[10],"phased-array":[11,35],"radar":[12,65,86,362],"in":[13,55,63,84,132,190,201],"55-nm":[15],"CMOS":[16],"process.":[17],"The":[18,277,291,326,360],"system":[19],"integrates":[20,178],"eight":[21],"independent":[22],"transmitters":[23,189],"(<inline-formula":[24,37,102,135,148,166],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[25,38,48,74,103,136,149,167,260,300,315],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[26,39,49,75,104,137,150,168,261,301,316],"<tex-math":[27,40,50,76,105,138,151,169,262,302,317],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$8~{\\times":[28],"}~1$</tex-math>":[29],"</inline-formula>":[30,43,53,81,269],"TXs)":[31],"and":[32,68,185,203,210,224,237,250,275,311,370],"two":[33],"four-channel":[34,345],"receivers":[36],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$2~{\\times":[41],"}~4$</tex-math>":[42],"RXs),":[44],"achieving":[45],"<inline-formula":[47,73],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$4.76{\\times":[51],"}$</tex-math>":[52],"increase":[54],"detection":[56,365],"range":[57,257,366,372],"compared":[58],"to":[59,157,180,206,231,246],"single-input\u2013single-output":[60],"(SISO)":[61],"architecture":[62,217],"long-range":[64],"(LRR)":[66],"mode":[67],"1.79\u00b0":[69],"angular":[70],"resolution":[71,373],"with":[72,218,308,323],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$16":[77],"{\\times":[78],"}":[79,264],"4$</tex-math>":[80],"virtual":[82],"array":[83],"short-range":[85],"(SRR)":[87],"mode.":[88,192],"To":[89,193],"realize":[90],"large":[92],"chirp":[93,283,306,321],"bandwidth":[94,284],"while":[95,343],"maintaining":[96],"low":[97,220,233],"voltage-controlled":[98],"oscillator":[99,273],"(VCO)":[100],"gain":[101],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$K_{\\text":[106],"{VCO}}$</tex-math>":[107],"</inline-formula>),":[108],"zig-zag":[110,289],"phase-locked":[111],"loop":[112,133],"(PLL)-based":[113],"frequency-modulated":[114],"continuous":[115,122],"wave":[116],"(FMCW)":[117],"generator":[118],"is":[119,155,229,244,296],"proposed,":[120],"enabling":[121],"multi-subband":[123],"chirping.":[124],"By":[125],"monitoring":[126],"the":[127,130,145,158,163,195,207,271,344],"voltage":[128,147],"across":[129],"capacitance":[131],"filter":[134],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$V_{\\text":[139,152],"{CAP}}$</tex-math>":[140],"</inline-formula>)":[141,154,171],"for":[142],"subband":[143,173],"switching,":[144],"tuning":[146],"{TUNE}}$</tex-math>":[153],"configured":[156],"optimal":[159],"switching":[160],"voltage,":[161],"eliminating":[162],"frequency":[164,294,358],"ripple":[165],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$F_{R}$</tex-math>":[170],"during":[172],"switching.":[174],"Each":[175],"TX":[176,213,328],"channel":[177],"switches":[179],"support":[181],"flexible":[183],"number":[184,209],"positioning":[186],"of":[187,212,258,285,337,351,367,374],"1\u20138":[188],"TDM":[191],"mitigate":[194],"leakage":[196],"effect":[197],"caused":[198],"by":[199],"variations":[200],"amplitude":[202],"phase":[204,227,255],"due":[205],"varying":[208],"position":[211],"on-channels,":[214],"receiver":[216],"three":[219],"noise":[221,234],"amplifiers":[222],"(LNAs)":[223],"4-bit":[226],"shifter":[228],"designed":[230,245],"achieve":[232,247],"figure":[235],"(NF)":[236],"high":[238],"linearity.":[239],"Furthermore,":[240],"an":[241],"I/Q":[242],"mixer":[243],"orthogonal-ellipse-overlapping-shape":[248],"NF":[249,350],"petal-shape":[251],"linearity":[252],"over":[253],"difference":[256],"0\u00b0\u2013<inline-formula":[259],"notation=\"LaTeX\">${360^{\\circ":[263],"}~{\\Delta":[265],"\\phi":[266],"_{\\text":[267],"{leak}}}$</tex-math>":[268],"between":[270],"local":[272],"(LO)":[274],"leakage.":[276],"chip":[278],"achieves":[279,329,347,363],"measured":[281],"maximum":[282,331],"12.6-GHz":[286],"spanning":[287],"four":[288],"subbands.":[290],"root-mean-square":[292],"(rms)":[293],"error":[295],"0.0068%":[297],"at":[298,313,340,354],"18.8-MHz/<inline-formula":[299],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\mu":[303,318],"$</tex-math>":[304,319],"</inline-formula>s":[305,320],"rate":[307,322],"2.5-GHz":[309],"bandwidth,":[310],"0.3%":[312],"545-MHz/<inline-formula":[314],"2.65-GHz":[324],"bandwidth.":[325],"eight-channel":[327],"effective":[332],"isotropic":[333],"radiated":[334],"power":[335],"(EIRP)":[336],"32":[338],"dBm":[339],"78.8":[341],"GHz,":[342],"RX":[346],"minimum":[349],"16.3":[352],"dB":[353],"2-MHz":[356],"intermediate":[357],"(IF).":[359],"186":[368],"m":[369],"3":[375],"cm.":[376]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-30T00:00:00"}