{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7076052004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2025.3595657","title":"A Fractional-N Cascaded PLL With MMD-Based Quantization-Error Cancellation","display_name":"A Fractional-N Cascaded PLL With MMD-Based Quantization-Error Cancellation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7076052004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2025.3595657"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2025.3595657","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2025.3595657","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2025.3595657","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Haoming Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6515-7727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14396692","display_name":"Tokyo University of Information Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/044bdx604","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14396692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6515-7727","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14396692","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yuyang Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9021-4541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14396692","display_name":"Tokyo University of Information Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/044bdx604","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14396692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuyang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9021-4541","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14396692","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Masaru Osada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2551-4863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14396692","display_name":"Tokyo University of Information Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/044bdx604","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14396692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masaru Osada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2551-4863","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14396692","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tetsuya Iizuka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1512-4714"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14396692","display_name":"Tokyo University of Information Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/044bdx604","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14396692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tetsuya Iizuka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1512-4714","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14396692","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7588,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9001981,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"12","first_page":"4543","last_page":"4556"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.7006000280380249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.7006000280380249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13067","display_name":"Geological Modeling and Analysis","score":0.028599999845027924,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14311","display_name":"Electrical and Electromagnetic Research","score":0.016699999570846558,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.7605000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.7364000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dbc","display_name":"dBc","score":0.734499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.6061999797821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.4878999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-synthesizer","display_name":"Frequency synthesizer","score":0.4052000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-shaping","display_name":"Noise shaping","score":0.3968999981880188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.7605000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.7364000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193523891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1771950","display_name":"dBc","level":3,"score":0.734499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.6139000058174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.6061999797821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.4878999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44690001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182099602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2660678","display_name":"Frequency synthesizer","level":4,"score":0.4052000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9083635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2133535","display_name":"Noise shaping","level":2,"score":0.3968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77881186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7119642","display_name":"PLL multibit","level":4,"score":0.3930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.392300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.3540000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3463999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3402000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205606062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249645","display_name":"Decoupling (probability)","level":2,"score":0.3346000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184670325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q512604","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.33070001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.30059999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74982907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455624","display_name":"Frequency divider","level":3,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11930861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181417","display_name":"Frequency modulation","level":3,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.26089999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776158855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2085341","display_name":"Phase frequency detector","level":5,"score":0.25360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2025.3595657","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2025.3595657","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2025.3595657","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2025.3595657","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8792031709","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"M24AN001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325282","funder_display_name":"Murata Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320907","display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325282","display_name":"Murata Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04hd8bd67"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964752860","https://openalex.org/W1997287970","https://openalex.org/W2029794151","https://openalex.org/W2057759113","https://openalex.org/W2097406868","https://openalex.org/W2120500930","https://openalex.org/W2148017713","https://openalex.org/W2295656041","https://openalex.org/W2410273639","https://openalex.org/W2609401991","https://openalex.org/W2920923622","https://openalex.org/W2921886179","https://openalex.org/W2922501003","https://openalex.org/W3100848204","https://openalex.org/W3201131231","https://openalex.org/W4221029339","https://openalex.org/W4296913374","https://openalex.org/W4310050303","https://openalex.org/W4310055006","https://openalex.org/W4360605445","https://openalex.org/W4362683569","https://openalex.org/W4385192395","https://openalex.org/W4385453497","https://openalex.org/W4386825219","https://openalex.org/W4391341612","https://openalex.org/W4392775598","https://openalex.org/W4396790133","https://openalex.org/W4401806878","https://openalex.org/W4402040922","https://openalex.org/W4402301215","https://openalex.org/W4402593071","https://openalex.org/W4403182285","https://openalex.org/W4403674909","https://openalex.org/W4405488578","https://openalex.org/W4406949117","https://openalex.org/W4406949167","https://openalex.org/W4408182954","https://openalex.org/W4408183154","https://openalex.org/W4408183170","https://openalex.org/W4408183553","https://openalex.org/W4408280528"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,81],"fractional-N":[1,31],"phase-locked":[2],"loop":[3],"(PLL)":[4],"with":[5,42],"cascaded":[6,14],"architecture":[7],"is":[8,21,72,84,97],"presented.":[9],"Compared":[10],"to":[11,145],"the":[12,24,29,37,43,47,53,59,69,91,94,104,109,115,126],"conventional":[13],"PLL,":[15],"an":[16,122],"auxiliary":[17,34,60],"multi-modulus":[18],"divider":[19],"(MMD)":[20],"added":[22],"between":[23],"first-stage":[25],"integer-N":[26],"PLL":[27,127],"and":[28,61,68,90,108,133],"second-stage":[30,48],"PLL.":[32],"This":[33],"MMD":[35,45,63],"shares":[36],"same":[38],"delta-sigma":[39],"modulator":[40],"(DSM)":[41],"main":[44,62],"in":[46,86],"loop.":[49],"Analysis":[50],"shows":[51],"that":[52],"two":[54],"quantization":[55,105],"errors":[56],"(Q-errors)":[57],"at":[58],"outputs":[64],"are":[65,118],"nearly":[66],"identical,":[67],"overall":[70],"Q-error":[71],"canceled":[73],"by":[74],"a":[75,146],"factor":[76],"of":[77,93,148],"<italic":[78],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[79],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">N</i>.":[80],"proof-of-concept":[82],"prototype":[83],"implemented":[85],"65-nm":[87],"CMOS":[88],"technology,":[89],"effectiveness":[92],"proposed":[95],"technique":[96],"demonstrated":[98],"through":[99],"measurement":[100],"results,":[101],"where":[102],"both":[103],"noise":[106],"(Q-noise)":[107],"in-band":[110,137],"fractional":[111,138],"spurs":[112],"arising":[113],"from":[114],"PD":[116],"nonlinearity":[117],"effectively":[119],"suppressed.":[120],"With":[121],"82":[123],"MHz":[124],"reference,":[125],"achieves":[128],"96":[129],"fs":[130],"RMS":[131],"jitter":[132],"\u221270.6":[134],"dBc":[135],"worst-case":[136],"spur":[139],"while":[140],"consuming":[141],"21.2":[142],"mW,":[143],"leading":[144],"FoM":[147],"\u2212247.1":[149],"dB,":[150],"without":[151],"any":[152],"calibration.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}