{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411172293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2025.3569882","title":"A 14-to-32-Gb/s Deadzone-Free Referenceless CDR With Autocovariance-Based Seamless Frequency Detector in 40-nm CMOS Technology","display_name":"A 14-to-32-Gb/s Deadzone-Free Referenceless CDR With Autocovariance-Based Seamless Frequency Detector in 40-nm CMOS Technology","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411172293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2025.3569882"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2025.3569882","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2025.3569882","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108560111","display_name":"Hong-Seok Choi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134353371","display_name":"SK Group (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/03696td91","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134353371"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong-Seok Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["SK Hynix, Icheon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SK Hynix, Icheon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134353371"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018718141","display_name":"J.J. Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9775-231X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jae-Geon Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9775-231X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Seung-Hwan Gong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seung-Hwan Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100648420","display_name":"Kwang\u2010Ho Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3677-0977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131650","display_name":"Korea Electronics Technology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/039k6f508","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210089395","https://openalex.org/I4210131650"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kwang-Ho Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Convergence Signal SoC Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute (KETI), Seongnam, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Convergence Signal SoC Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute (KETI), Seongnam, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083331805","display_name":"Daehyun Koh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5156-3423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daehyun Koh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023721148","display_name":"Jung-Woo Sull","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4063-998X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jung-Woo Sull","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028207573","display_name":"Hyungrok Do","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5317-6809"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134353371","display_name":"SK Group (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/03696td91","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134353371"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyungrok Do","raw_affiliation_strings":["SK Hynix, Icheon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SK Hynix, Icheon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134353371"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000319707","display_name":"Chan\u2010Ho Kye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9519-6701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12832649","display_name":"Gachon University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ryywt80","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chan-Ho Kye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Semiconductor Engineering, University of Gachon, Seongnam, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Semiconductor Engineering, University of Gachon, Seongnam, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008010401","display_name":"Deog\u2010Kyoon Jeong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0436-703X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deog-Kyoon Jeong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0436-703X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084577882","display_name":"Kwanseo Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4727-9868"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089054","display_name":"Seoul Semiconductor (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/007vmjm88","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089054"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kwanseo Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of System Semiconductor Engineering, the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, and the BK21 Graduate Program in Intelligent Semiconductor Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4727-9868","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of System Semiconductor Engineering, the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, and the BK21 Graduate Program in Intelligent Semiconductor Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089054","https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037317381","display_name":"Min-Seong Choo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8638-6332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min-Seong Choo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8638-6332","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09750295,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"10","first_page":"3602","last_page":"3612"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9836999773979187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.807945728302002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autocovariance","display_name":"Autocovariance","score":0.7636777758598328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5312578082084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dead-zone","display_name":"Dead zone","score":0.4566974937915802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4247892200946808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4022391736507416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.38570067286491394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3786477744579315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.22442972660064697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17911145091056824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16942575573921204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12728148698806763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.0663699209690094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.807945728302002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88271906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786973","display_name":"Autocovariance","level":3,"score":0.7636777758598328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5312578082084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63840607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1236263","display_name":"Dead zone","level":2,"score":0.4566974937915802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4247892200946808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4022391736507416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.38570067286491394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3786477744579315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.22442972660064697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17911145091056824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16942575573921204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12728148698806763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0663699209690094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102519508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6520159","display_name":"Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2025.3569882","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2025.3569882","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480590384","https://openalex.org/W1992579604","https://openalex.org/W2076935827","https://openalex.org/W2085601098","https://openalex.org/W2126057508","https://openalex.org/W2156103315","https://openalex.org/W2164114298","https://openalex.org/W2174979304","https://openalex.org/W2280601454","https://openalex.org/W2329897748","https://openalex.org/W2342615291","https://openalex.org/W2509835724","https://openalex.org/W2766096386","https://openalex.org/W2891823842","https://openalex.org/W2959455346","https://openalex.org/W3041050895","https://openalex.org/W3089592056","https://openalex.org/W3095702772","https://openalex.org/W3206105412"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2008790869","https://openalex.org/W2371310722","https://openalex.org/W1986538421","https://openalex.org/W1971462556","https://openalex.org/W180984318","https://openalex.org/W2106502619","https://openalex.org/W1908230269","https://openalex.org/W1568530316","https://openalex.org/W2109445684","https://openalex.org/W2081082331"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"proposes":[2,64],"a":[3,17,25,45,77,128,133,159,181],"deadzone-free":[4],"clock":[5],"and":[6,33,75,141,173],"data":[7,32],"recovery":[8],"(CDR)":[9],"without":[10],"an":[11,65,118,174],"external":[12],"reference":[13],"clock.":[14],"To":[15],"extract":[16],"frequency":[18,27,39,102,130,142],"difference,":[19],"the":[20,37,58,72,83,90,93,98,101,114,156],"proposed":[21,94],"referenceless":[22],"CDR":[23,80,96,116,126,157],"adopts":[24],"stochastic":[26,59,67],"detector,":[28],"which":[29],"utilizes":[30],"consecutive":[31],"edge":[34],"samples.":[35],"Although":[36],"probability-based":[38],"detection":[40],"(FD)":[41],"technique":[42],"is":[43,86],"promising,":[44],"deadzone":[46,73],"should":[47],"be":[48],"carefully":[49],"considered":[50],"to":[51,70,138],"prevent":[52],"false":[53],"locking.":[54],"Therefore,":[55],"by":[56],"analyzing":[57],"FD":[60,68],"thoroughly,":[61],"this":[62],"work":[63],"autocovariance-based":[66],"(ASFD)":[69],"resolve":[71],"issue":[74],"provide":[76],"more":[78],"robust":[79],"operation.":[81],"Since":[82],"autocovariance":[84],"function":[85],"easily":[87],"implemented":[88],"in":[89,110],"digital":[91,95],"domain,":[92],"with":[97,105,132],"ASFD":[99],"improves":[100],"tracking":[103],"ability":[104],"minimal":[106],"hardware":[107],"overhead.":[108],"Fabricated":[109],"40-nm":[111],"CMOS":[112],"technology,":[113],"prototype":[115],"occupies":[117],"active":[119],"area":[120],"of":[121,164,177,184],"0.032mm<sup":[122],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[123,147,168],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>.":[124],"The":[125],"achieves":[127,158],"seamless":[129],"locking":[131],"capture":[134],"range":[135],"from":[136],"14":[137],"32":[139,154],"Gb/s":[140],"acquisition":[143],"time":[144],"within":[145],"<inline-formula":[146,167],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[148,169],"<tex-math":[149,170],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$7~{\\mu":[150],"}$</tex-math>":[151],"</inline-formula>s.":[152],"At":[153],"Gb/s,":[155],"bit":[160],"error":[161],"rate":[162],"(BER)":[163],"less":[165],"than":[166],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$10{^{-12}}$</tex-math>":[171],"</inline-formula>":[172],"energy":[175],"efficiency":[176],"1.15":[178],"pJ/b":[179],"at":[180],"supply":[182],"voltage":[183],"1.0":[185],"V.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
