{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410537547","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2025.3566283","title":"ETCIM: Error-Tolerant Digital CIM Processor With Redundancy-Free Hard Error Repair and Run-Time Soft Error Correction","display_name":"ETCIM: Error-Tolerant Digital CIM Processor With Redundancy-Free Hard Error Repair and Run-Time Soft Error Correction","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410537547","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2025.3566283"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2025.3566283","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2025.3566283","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100731440","display_name":"Yiqi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9657-3617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yiqi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chip, and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chip, and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100427744","display_name":"Zhen He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6302-6556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chip, and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chip, and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101100042","display_name":"Chenggang Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenggang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102943028","display_name":"Zihan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5858-8850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chip, and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chip, and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026297396","display_name":"Mingyu Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8433-7281"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingyu Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100568518","display_name":"Huiming Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huiming Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chip, and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chip, and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036023084","display_name":"Shaojun Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5117-7920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaojun Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chip, and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chip, and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066434078","display_name":"Yang Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6942-4395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chip, and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chip, and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038947607","display_name":"Fengbin Tu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2228-8829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengbin Tu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054524841","display_name":"Shouyi Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2309-572X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shouyi Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chip, and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chip, and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100731440"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5364,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93290269,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"2","first_page":"763","last_page":"776"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9674000144004822,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12810","display_name":"Real-time simulation and control systems","score":0.9617999792098999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-error","display_name":"Soft error","score":0.9330114722251892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-detection-and-correction","display_name":"Error detection and correction","score":0.7658188343048096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.6950492858886719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6790546178817749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3674784302711487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.22397205233573914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.13068491220474243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12840071320533752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11528968811035156}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154474529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1658917","display_name":"Soft error","level":2,"score":0.9330114722251892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.7658188343048096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6950492858886719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6790546178817749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3674784302711487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.22397205233573914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.13068491220474243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12840071320533752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11528968811035156}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2025.3566283","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2025.3566283","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-170203","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-170203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G338081660","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62125403","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5227578763","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92464302","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5929630173","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62422407","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7234679820","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92164301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7497095784","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFB4403100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8200624584","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U24B20164","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329777","display_name":"Beijing National Research Center For Information Science And Technology","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980073965","https://openalex.org/W2011302298","https://openalex.org/W2092582556","https://openalex.org/W2106780604","https://openalex.org/W2540920206","https://openalex.org/W2788433071","https://openalex.org/W2795127895","https://openalex.org/W2904087936","https://openalex.org/W3133754064","https://openalex.org/W3134526034","https://openalex.org/W4200209146","https://openalex.org/W4220929376","https://openalex.org/W4221038786","https://openalex.org/W4221086307","https://openalex.org/W4221101426","https://openalex.org/W4292476217","https://openalex.org/W4313332258","https://openalex.org/W4360605969","https://openalex.org/W4360606223","https://openalex.org/W4360606423","https://openalex.org/W4360606477","https://openalex.org/W4360607286","https://openalex.org/W4392746125","https://openalex.org/W4392746193","https://openalex.org/W4392746308","https://openalex.org/W4395469090","https://openalex.org/W4399619811","https://openalex.org/W4401879941"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1996101291","https://openalex.org/W2110991008","https://openalex.org/W2981191153","https://openalex.org/W2000201823","https://openalex.org/W2042832476","https://openalex.org/W2149051075","https://openalex.org/W2061536619","https://openalex.org/W2394408226"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Digital":[0],"computing-in-memory":[1],"(CIM)":[2],"has":[3],"demonstrated":[4],"outstanding":[5],"energy":[6,191],"and":[7,26,61,87,89,119,133,156,161],"area":[8,135],"efficiency.":[9],"Although":[10],"digital":[11,30,77,105,148],"CIM":[12,59,106,116,144,149],"avoids":[13],"errors":[14,28,41,49],"along":[15],"the":[16,98,123,147,178],"in-memory":[17],"computing":[18],"path,":[19],"it":[20],"is":[21],"indispensable":[22],"to":[23,76,130,183],"correct":[24],"hard":[25,84,124],"soft":[27,93,158,170],"in":[29,45,54,83,92],"CIM\u2019s":[31],"SRAM":[32,36,56],"cells":[33],"like":[34],"conventional":[35],"for":[37],"commercial":[38],"products.":[39],"Hard":[40],"come":[42],"from":[43,51],"defects":[44],"chip":[46],"fabrication.":[47],"Soft":[48],"result":[50],"bit":[52],"flips":[53],"an":[55,103,194],"cell":[57,165,171],"during":[58,175],"computation,":[60,176],"cause":[62],"multiply\u2013accumulation":[63],"(MAC)":[64],"errors.":[65],"However,":[66],"traditional":[67],"SRAM\u2019s":[68],"error":[69,85,94,125,140,166,172,195],"correction":[70,141,173,196],"scheme":[71],"cannot":[72],"be":[73],"directly":[74],"applied":[75],"CIM,":[78],"which":[79],"causes":[80],"hardware":[81],"overhead":[82,127],"repair,":[86],"incompatibility":[88],"latency":[90,174,180],"problems":[91],"correction.":[95],"To":[96],"tackle":[97],"above":[99],"challenges,":[100],"we":[101],"propose":[102],"error-tolerant":[104],"processor":[107],"ETCIM":[108,187],"with":[109,193],"three":[110],"corresponding":[111],"features:":[112],"1)":[113],"a":[114,138,163,189],"fault-adaptive":[115],"initializer":[117],"(FACI)":[118],"input":[120],"feeder":[121],"reduce":[122],"repair":[126],"by":[128,181],"up":[129,182],"8.47\u00d7":[131],"power":[132],"18.16\u00d7":[134],"savings;":[136],"2)":[137],"blockwise":[139],"code":[142],"(BW-ECC)":[143],"macro":[145],"suits":[146],"structure":[150],"that":[151],"integrates":[152],"multiple":[153],"weight":[154],"blocks,":[155],"corrects":[157],"MAC":[159],"errors;":[160],"3)":[162],"progressive":[164],"corrector":[167],"(PCEC)":[168],"hides":[169],"reducing":[177],"total":[179],"96.8%.":[184],"The":[185],"fabricated":[186],"achieves":[188],"state-of-the-art":[190],"efficiency":[192],"of":[197],"19.5":[198],"tera":[199],"operations":[200],"per":[201],"second":[202],"(TOPS)/W":[203],"at":[204],"INT8.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-31T07:56:22.981413","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
