{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409991368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2025.3563073","title":"A 4-Ch \u00d7 64 Gb/s/Ch NRZ VCSEL-Based Co-Packaged Fiber-Terminated Optical TX and 80-Gb/s Optical Driver","display_name":"A 4-Ch \u00d7 64 Gb/s/Ch NRZ VCSEL-Based Co-Packaged Fiber-Terminated Optical TX and 80-Gb/s Optical Driver","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409991368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2025.3563073"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2025.3563073","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2025.3563073","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051922982","display_name":"Susnata Mondal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8865-7132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Susnata Mondal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Labs, Intel, Hillsboro, OR, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Labs, Intel, Hillsboro, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047192646","display_name":"Junyi Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7662-6921"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junyi Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Labs, Intel, Hillsboro, OR, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Labs, Intel, Hillsboro, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014099014","display_name":"Sashank Krishnamurthy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3091-0016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sashank Krishnamurthy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Labs, Intel, Hillsboro, OR, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Labs, Intel, Hillsboro, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035029367","display_name":"Joseph Kennedy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Kennedy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Labs, Intel, Hillsboro, OR, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Labs, Intel, Hillsboro, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066069367","display_name":"Soumya Bose","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6704-9138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soumya Bose","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Labs, Intel, Hillsboro, OR, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Labs, Intel, Hillsboro, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045052790","display_name":"Tolga Acikalin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tolga Acikalin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Labs, Intel, Hillsboro, OR, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Labs, Intel, Hillsboro, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047710258","display_name":"Shuhei Yamada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2983-0249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuhei Yamada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Labs, Intel, Hillsboro, OR, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Labs, Intel, Hillsboro, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090419770","display_name":"James Jaussi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Jaussi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Labs, Intel, Hillsboro, OR, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Labs, Intel, Hillsboro, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053540874","display_name":"Mozhgan Mansuri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0277-7775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mozhgan Mansuri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Labs, Intel, Hillsboro, OR, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Labs, Intel, Hillsboro, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051922982"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4806,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89009884,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"2","first_page":"460","last_page":"474"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10022","display_name":"Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices","score":0.9559999704360962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertical-cavity-surface-emitting-laser","display_name":"Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser","score":0.5691720247268677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5372540354728699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.5165897607803345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber","display_name":"Optical fiber","score":0.4700036644935608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plastic-optical-fiber","display_name":"Plastic optical fiber","score":0.41953369975090027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3302290141582489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.24910083413124084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-mode-optical-fiber","display_name":"Multi-mode optical fiber","score":0.2260671854019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2106212079524994}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106246969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2009618","display_name":"Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser","level":3,"score":0.5691720247268677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5372540354728699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.5165897607803345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.4700036644935608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203637571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812875","display_name":"Plastic optical fiber","level":4,"score":0.41953369975090027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3302290141582489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.24910083413124084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101645829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781857","display_name":"Multi-mode optical fiber","level":3,"score":0.2260671854019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2106212079524994}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2025.3563073","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2025.3563073","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963587303","https://openalex.org/W1966954653","https://openalex.org/W1981383763","https://openalex.org/W2030249347","https://openalex.org/W2030924055","https://openalex.org/W2081089490","https://openalex.org/W2094060435","https://openalex.org/W2112558701","https://openalex.org/W2125884054","https://openalex.org/W2136801359","https://openalex.org/W2139132358","https://openalex.org/W2155510018","https://openalex.org/W2162364499","https://openalex.org/W2166694777","https://openalex.org/W2245638118","https://openalex.org/W2346864961","https://openalex.org/W2594270052","https://openalex.org/W2741406257","https://openalex.org/W2781228367","https://openalex.org/W2790928636","https://openalex.org/W2883783071","https://openalex.org/W2947167368","https://openalex.org/W2966095298","https://openalex.org/W3020185583","https://openalex.org/W3199786372","https://openalex.org/W3200274002","https://openalex.org/W3203920339","https://openalex.org/W3216621685","https://openalex.org/W4200530131","https://openalex.org/W4285137909","https://openalex.org/W4288391581","https://openalex.org/W4313468720","https://openalex.org/W4387411208","https://openalex.org/W4391021617","https://openalex.org/W4392739538","https://openalex.org/W4394744164","https://openalex.org/W4401880686"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2954078352","https://openalex.org/W2017817127","https://openalex.org/W4297664910","https://openalex.org/W4390188446","https://openalex.org/W4321518819","https://openalex.org/W2039516556","https://openalex.org/W4237103032","https://openalex.org/W2020698327","https://openalex.org/W4379619097","https://openalex.org/W3003262973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,143,198],"article":[1],"introduces":[2],"a":[3,17,20,34,78,85,122,185,216],"four-channel":[4],"(4-Ch)":[5],"multi-mode":[6],"(MM)":[7],"vertical-cavity":[8],"surface-emitting":[9],"laser":[10],"(VCSEL)-based":[11],"co-packaged":[12,211],"optical":[13,30,117,147,152,178,212],"transmitter":[14],"(TX),":[15],"integrating":[16],"VCSEL":[18,21],"array,":[19],"driver":[22,100,179],"(VCDRV)":[23],"IC,":[24,28],"an":[25,96,127,137],"electrical":[26,92],"TX":[27,93,118,213],"and":[29,60,69,84,113,171,190],"fiber":[31],"termination":[32],"within":[33],"single":[35],"package.":[36],"A":[37,90],"complex-zero":[38],"continuous-time":[39],"linear":[40],"equalizer":[41],"(CZ-CTLE)":[42],"is":[43,105],"proposed":[44],"to":[45,107],"effectively":[46],"equalize":[47],"the":[48,52,110,202,221],"complex-pole":[49],"response":[50],"of":[51,133,140,206],"VCSEL,":[53],"improving":[54],"in-band":[55],"gain/group":[56],"delay":[57],"(GD)":[58],"flatness":[59],"extending":[61],"bandwidth":[62],"(BW).":[63],"To":[64],"enhance":[65],"link":[66,114],"energy":[67,111,138,174,193],"efficiency":[68,112,139,194],"jitter":[70],"margin,":[71],"resonant":[72,80],"clocking":[73],"techniques":[74],"are":[75],"proposed,":[76],"including":[77],"transmission-line-based":[79],"global":[81],"clock":[82],"distribution":[83],"wide-tuning-range":[86],"coupled-resonator-based":[87],"quadrature":[88],"generation.":[89],"low-power":[91],"architecture":[94],"employing":[95],"NMOS-over-NMOS":[97],"(N/N)":[98],"voltage-mode":[99],"with":[101,136,165],"eye":[102,159,162],"symmetry":[103],"correction":[104],"introduced":[106],"further":[108],"improve":[109],"margin.":[115],"The":[116,176],"prototype,":[119],"implemented":[120],"in":[121,151],"22-nm":[123],"FinFET":[124],"process,":[125],"achieves":[126,180],"aggregate":[128],"non-return-to-zero":[129],"(NRZ)":[130],"data":[131,188],"rate":[132,170,189,219],"256":[134],"Gb/s":[135],"1.3":[141],"pJ/b.":[142],"work":[144,199],"outperforms":[145],"previous":[146,222],"TXs":[148],"by":[149],">2.2\u00d7":[150],"modulation":[153],"amplitude,":[154],"achieving":[155],"1.4\u00d7":[156],"(7.6\u00d7)":[157],"greater":[158],"width":[160],"(EW)":[161],"height":[163],"(EH),":[164],"14%":[166],"higher":[167,187,218],"per-channel":[168],"baud":[169],"11%":[172],"better":[173,192],"efficiency.":[175],"direct-drive":[177],"80-Gb/s":[181],"NRZ":[182],"operation,":[183],"demonstrating":[184],"13%":[186],"25\u00d7":[191],"than":[195,208,220],"prior":[196],"art.":[197],"also":[200],"marks":[201],"first":[203],"successful":[204],"demonstration":[205],"more":[207],"50-Gb/s":[209],"VCSEL-based":[210],"topology":[214],"at":[215],"6.4\u00d7":[217],"efforts.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-05T09:29:38.588285","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}