{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409992274","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2025.3558534","title":"A Charge-Domain Fractional-N ADPLL Based on Charge-Steering Sampling","display_name":"A Charge-Domain Fractional-N ADPLL Based on Charge-Steering Sampling","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409992274","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2025.3558534"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2025.3558534","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2025.3558534","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2025.3558534","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101766951","display_name":"Weichen Tao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3769-8181"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weichen Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3769-8181","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050946054","display_name":"Yuhao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-6115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Weiyi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9410-0534"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiyi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9410-0534","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027017637","display_name":"Robert Bogdan Staszewski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9848-1129"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Bogdan Staszewski","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9848-1129","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008837666","display_name":"Yizhe Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3685-7666"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yizhe Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3685-7666","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2772,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78206006,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"7","first_page":"2341","last_page":"2353"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charge","display_name":"Charge (physics)","score":0.7006462216377258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.5397881269454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.47424381971359253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.42098358273506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-domain","display_name":"Time domain","score":0.41888099908828735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.32645973563194275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.23682686686515808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16664931178092957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.12382429838180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.08977660536766052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.08088698983192444}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188082385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73792","display_name":"Charge (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7006462216377258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.5397881269454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.47424381971359253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.42098358273506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.41888099908828735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.32645973563194275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23682686686515808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16664931178092957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.12382429838180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.08977660536766052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.08088698983192444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2025.3558534","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2025.3558534","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2025.3558534","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2025.3558534","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7457567268","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62374156","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1544882865","https://openalex.org/W2010437213","https://openalex.org/W2028941857","https://openalex.org/W2097406868","https://openalex.org/W2101004723","https://openalex.org/W2120500930","https://openalex.org/W2146298723","https://openalex.org/W2163630970","https://openalex.org/W2172010302","https://openalex.org/W2346049708","https://openalex.org/W2528482522","https://openalex.org/W2599908957","https://openalex.org/W2792678133","https://openalex.org/W2887363408","https://openalex.org/W2920848205","https://openalex.org/W2921886179","https://openalex.org/W2944283480","https://openalex.org/W2946097807","https://openalex.org/W2960457490","https://openalex.org/W2976833972","https://openalex.org/W3004354595","https://openalex.org/W3016145810","https://openalex.org/W3094824205","https://openalex.org/W3120251947","https://openalex.org/W3154592321","https://openalex.org/W3189958273","https://openalex.org/W3198525795","https://openalex.org/W3198862060","https://openalex.org/W3200715165","https://openalex.org/W3201131231","https://openalex.org/W3205565959","https://openalex.org/W3214302083","https://openalex.org/W4207074682","https://openalex.org/W4210468261","https://openalex.org/W4214735590","https://openalex.org/W4225936911","https://openalex.org/W4226306444","https://openalex.org/W4248108322","https://openalex.org/W4286571704","https://openalex.org/W4290989745","https://openalex.org/W4308089742","https://openalex.org/W4310050303","https://openalex.org/W4312261872","https://openalex.org/W4313536141","https://openalex.org/W4360605445","https://openalex.org/W4360605520","https://openalex.org/W4360605781","https://openalex.org/W4376134036","https://openalex.org/W4385192489","https://openalex.org/W4385214636","https://openalex.org/W4385453497","https://openalex.org/W4386825219","https://openalex.org/W4387411210","https://openalex.org/W4387411297","https://openalex.org/W4387546324","https://openalex.org/W4388919147","https://openalex.org/W4389880390","https://openalex.org/W4390284870","https://openalex.org/W4390956245","https://openalex.org/W4391892585","https://openalex.org/W4392746139","https://openalex.org/W4392746165","https://openalex.org/W4392746218","https://openalex.org/W4392746293","https://openalex.org/W4392746396","https://openalex.org/W4392775598","https://openalex.org/W4394711750","https://openalex.org/W4396918421","https://openalex.org/W4401880595","https://openalex.org/W4403210023","https://openalex.org/W4403678388"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2935759653","https://openalex.org/W3105167352","https://openalex.org/W54078636","https://openalex.org/W2954470139","https://openalex.org/W1501425562","https://openalex.org/W2902782467","https://openalex.org/W3084825885","https://openalex.org/W2298861036","https://openalex.org/W2155206396"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"propose":[1],"a":[2,17,39,50,64,103,111,139,184,219,238],"charge-domain":[3,133],"fractional-<italic":[4,32,134,246],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[5,26,33,95,97,135,227,247,257],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">N</i>":[6,34,136,228,248],"all-digital":[7],"phase-locked":[8],"loop":[9],"(ADPLL)":[10],"that":[11],"employs":[12],"charge-steering":[13],"sampling":[14],"(CSS)":[15],"of":[16,24,49,63,128,212,222,242],"sinusoidal":[18,121],"reference":[19,120,130,220],"waveform.":[20,122],"The":[21,250],"well-known":[22],"issue":[23],"<inline-formula":[25],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[27],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\Delta\\!\\Sigma$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[28],"quantization":[29],"error":[30],"in":[31,202,225,245],"operation":[35,137],"is":[36,56,73,164,253],"compensated":[37],"by":[38,82,117,148,166],"capacitive":[40],"digital-to-analog":[41],"converter":[42,52,70],"(CDAC),":[43],"which":[44,72],"serves":[45],"the":[46,60,78,83,88,118,125,129,132,150,158,179,194,206],"conventional":[47],"role":[48],"digital-to-time":[51],"(DTC).":[53],"This":[54],"CDAC":[55,62],"further":[57],"merged":[58],"with":[59,198,218,237],"inherent":[61],"successive":[65],"approximation":[66],"register":[67],"(SAR)":[68],"analog-to-digital":[69],"(ADC),":[71],"exclusively":[74],"used":[75],"for":[76],"digitizing":[77],"time-error":[79,143],"mainly":[80],"induced":[81],"phase":[84],"noise":[85],"(PN).":[86],"Initially,":[87],"combined":[89],"CDACs":[90],"are":[91],"preset":[92],"to":[93,124],"<italic":[94],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">V</i><sub":[96],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><roman>DD</roman></sub>,":[98],"and":[99,141,173],"then":[100],"discharged":[101],"during":[102],"short":[104],"digitally":[105],"controlled":[106],"oscillator":[107],"(DCO)-divider-triggered":[108],"pulse":[109],"via":[110],"pseudo-differential":[112],"MOS":[113],"pair":[114],"directly":[115],"driven":[116],"input":[119],"Owing":[123],"gentle":[126],"slope":[127],"waveform,":[131],"achieves":[138,208],"wide":[140],"linear":[142],"detection":[144],"(TD)":[145],"range.":[146],"Furthermore,":[147],"reinterpreting":[149],"SAR":[151],"ADC":[152],"output":[153],"using":[154],"multi-bit":[155],"midrise":[156],"encoding,":[157],"effective":[159],"time-to-digital":[160],"conversion":[161],"(TDC)":[162],"gain":[163],"boosted":[165],"bang\u2013bang":[167],"(BB)":[168],"effects":[169],"while":[170,230],"maintaining":[171],"fast":[172],"robust":[174],"locking.":[175],"To":[176],"accurately":[177],"model":[178,187],"CSS":[180],"current,":[181],"we":[182],"introduce":[183],"damped-sine":[185],"waveform":[186],"incorporating":[188],"harmonics,":[189],"providing":[190],"comprehensive":[191],"insight":[192],"into":[193],"CSS-TD":[195],"gain,":[196],"even":[197],"short-channel":[199],"devices.":[200],"Fabricated":[201],"22":[203],"nm":[204],"CMOS,":[205],"prototype":[207],"an":[209],"rms":[210],"jitter":[211],"96":[213],"fs":[214,232],"at":[215,233],"24":[216],"GHz":[217,236],"spur":[221,241],"-60":[223],"dBc":[224,244],"integer-<italic":[226],"mode,":[229],"167.8":[231],"approximately":[234],"24.5":[235],"worst":[239],"in-band":[240],"-47.8":[243],"mode.":[249],"occupied":[251],"area":[252],"only":[254],"0.08":[255],"mm<sup":[256],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-05-02T00:00:00"}
