{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405718096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2024.3516881","title":"A 2.2-ps Time-of-Flight Resolution Frequency-Domain fNIRS Readout IC With a Dynamic Architecture and Cross-Coupling-Free Intensity and Phase-to-Digital Converter","display_name":"A 2.2-ps Time-of-Flight Resolution Frequency-Domain fNIRS Readout IC With a Dynamic Architecture and Cross-Coupling-Free Intensity and Phase-to-Digital Converter","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405718096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2024.3516881"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2024.3516881","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2024.3516881","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082948728","display_name":"Zhouchen Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0498-9024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhouchen Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106722367","display_name":"Yuxiang Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6216-5562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxiang Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100680885","display_name":"Cheng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9239-9490"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089847519","display_name":"Xiangao Qi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang'ao Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100764158","display_name":"Yongfu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6322-8614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongfu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044259295","display_name":"Kea\u2010Tiong Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9689-1236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kea-Tiong Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100702412","display_name":"Fa Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5052-3710"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fa Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai United Imaging Microelectronics Technology, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai United Imaging Microelectronics Technology, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005177799","display_name":"Tianhong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6295-6409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802690428","display_name":"Shanghai Mental Health Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05bd2wa15","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802690428"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianhong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802690428"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087716003","display_name":"Guoxing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0235-1475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoxing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045329560","display_name":"Jian Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2140-1236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082948728"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6235,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78645216,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"8","first_page":"2920","last_page":"2932"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9764999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10988","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","score":0.9577999711036682,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coupling","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","score":0.6056867837905884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.5326457023620605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensity","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","score":0.46825820207595825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain","display_name":"Frequency domain","score":0.45480769872665405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-domain","display_name":"Time domain","score":0.4357993006706238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3832210600376129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3459325432777405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.31261134147644043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.278138667345047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23872902989387512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.18498262763023376}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.6056867837905884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.5326457023620605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93038891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061524","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.46825820207595825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.45480769872665405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.4357993006706238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3832210600376129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3459325432777405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.31261134147644043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.278138667345047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23872902989387512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.18498262763023376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2024.3516881","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2024.3516881","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2724030765","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62374109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980253733","https://openalex.org/W1980989869","https://openalex.org/W1981097671","https://openalex.org/W1997029019","https://openalex.org/W2001262493","https://openalex.org/W2002365765","https://openalex.org/W2007451372","https://openalex.org/W2025443118","https://openalex.org/W2037420647","https://openalex.org/W2047350373","https://openalex.org/W2088360462","https://openalex.org/W2128735263","https://openalex.org/W2151485066","https://openalex.org/W2163118886","https://openalex.org/W2497181668","https://openalex.org/W2522735225","https://openalex.org/W2571871387","https://openalex.org/W2580752875","https://openalex.org/W2792008953","https://openalex.org/W2792181492","https://openalex.org/W2793499859","https://openalex.org/W2898165383","https://openalex.org/W2900845956","https://openalex.org/W2902547287","https://openalex.org/W2969407815","https://openalex.org/W3015309833","https://openalex.org/W3041479158","https://openalex.org/W3043073976","https://openalex.org/W3087646487","https://openalex.org/W3133590970","https://openalex.org/W3134635375","https://openalex.org/W3159577154","https://openalex.org/W3206519846","https://openalex.org/W4214826480","https://openalex.org/W4232932846","https://openalex.org/W4375801804","https://openalex.org/W4378472149","https://openalex.org/W4384198176","https://openalex.org/W4385666186","https://openalex.org/W4392543915","https://openalex.org/W4392746089","https://openalex.org/W4393198346"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2782295999","https://openalex.org/W2162306796","https://openalex.org/W1970292246","https://openalex.org/W247102713","https://openalex.org/W2016162169","https://openalex.org/W4247952185","https://openalex.org/W1895367623","https://openalex.org/W1642462315","https://openalex.org/W2015118744","https://openalex.org/W2005619368"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,30,94,111],"fully":[4],"integrated":[5,13],"frequency-domain":[6],"(FD)":[7],"functional":[8],"near-infrared":[9],"spectroscopy":[10],"(fNIRS)":[11],"detection":[12],"circuit":[14],"(IC)":[15],"designed":[16],"for":[17,39,138,179],"non-invasive":[18],"measurement":[19,63,136],"of":[20,42,65],"tissue":[21],"metabolite":[22],"optical":[23],"properties.":[24],"Departing":[25],"from":[26,46],"traditional":[27],"static":[28],"architectures,":[29],"dynamic":[31],"light":[32,104],"sensing":[33],"architecture":[34],"is":[35,78,91,107],"proposed,":[36],"which":[37],"allows":[38],"the":[40,47,62,103,129,134,139,176],"decoupling":[41],"time-of-flight":[43],"(ToF)":[44],"resolution":[45,106,123],"system":[48],"power":[49],"consumption":[50],"through":[51],"duty-cycle":[52],"modulation,":[53],"thereby":[54],"enhancing":[55],"energy":[56],"efficiency.":[57],"In":[58],"addition,":[59],"to":[60,80,120],"improve":[61],"precision":[64],"both":[66],"ToF":[67,105],"and":[68,74,86,124,150,164,171,182],"intensity":[69,73,85],"loss,":[70],"an":[71],"inter-stabilized":[72],"phase-to-digital":[75],"converter":[76],"(IS-IPDC)":[77],"proposed":[79],"resolve":[81],"coupling":[82],"issues":[83],"between":[84],"phase":[87],"quantification.":[88],"The":[89],"chip":[90],"implemented":[92],"in":[93,169,172],"standard":[95],"180-nm":[96],"CMOS":[97],"process.":[98],"Test":[99],"results":[100],"indicate":[101],"that":[102],"2.2":[108],"ps":[109],"within":[110],"10-Hz":[112],"bandwidth,":[113],"while":[114],"consuming":[115],"only":[116],"12.5":[117],"mW.":[118],"Thanks":[119],"its":[121],"high":[122],"crosstalk-free":[125],"characteristics,":[126],"compared":[127],"with":[128],"high-precision":[130],"instrument-based":[131],"reference":[132],"system,":[133],"maximum":[135],"errors":[137],"absorption":[140],"coefficient":[141,153],"(<inline-formula":[142,154],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[143,155],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[144,156],"<tex-math":[145,157],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\boldsymbol":[146,158],"{\\mu":[147,159],"_{a}}$":[148],"</tex-math></inline-formula>)":[149,161],"reduced":[151],"scattering":[152],"'_{s}}$":[160],"are":[162],"4.2%":[163],"4%,":[165],"respectively.":[166],"Finally,":[167],"comprehensive":[168],"vitro":[170],"vivo":[173],"demonstrations":[174],"demonstrate":[175],"IC\u2019s":[177],"capabilities":[178],"metabolic":[180],"imaging":[181],"long-term":[183],"monitoring.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
