{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403937482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2024.3482268","title":"A 14.8-<i>\u03bc</i>W Power and &lt;10-<i>\u03bc</i> T<sub>rms</sub> Noise 3-D AC Magnetic Sensor in CMOS for Biomedical Applications","display_name":"A 14.8-<i>\u03bc</i>W Power and &lt;10-<i>\u03bc</i> T<sub>rms</sub> Noise 3-D AC Magnetic Sensor in CMOS for Biomedical Applications","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403937482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2024.3482268"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2024.3482268","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2024.3482268","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081684813","display_name":"Saransh Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5052-4932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saransh Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5052-4932","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110973971","display_name":"Hayward Melton","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hayward Melton","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108836292","display_name":"Liliana Edmonds","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liliana B. Edmonds","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049062656","display_name":"Olivia Addington","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olivia Addington","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051459907","display_name":"Mikhail G. Shapiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0291-4215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikhail G. Shapiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0291-4215","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Azita Emami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6945-9958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azita Emami","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6945-9958","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4884,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61253167,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"6","first_page":"2072","last_page":"2083"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12692","display_name":"Magnetic Field Sensors Techniques","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.6310335397720337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5764504671096802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.5310727953910828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4901486337184906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-magnetic-resonance","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","score":0.32908594608306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.30645471811294556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2223089337348938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17729878425598145}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6310335397720337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5764504671096802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5310727953910828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4901486337184906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46141821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","level":1,"score":0.32908594608306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.30645471811294556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2223089337348938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17729878425598145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2024.3482268","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2024.3482268","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3045281181","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101170","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314885","funder_display_name":"Heritage Medical Research Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3519918775","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1823036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314885","display_name":"Heritage Medical Research Institute","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1597968191","https://openalex.org/W1968318216","https://openalex.org/W2012750938","https://openalex.org/W2013681472","https://openalex.org/W2049551831","https://openalex.org/W2080726443","https://openalex.org/W2096870451","https://openalex.org/W2101004723","https://openalex.org/W2112225650","https://openalex.org/W2115918673","https://openalex.org/W2120879336","https://openalex.org/W2122039695","https://openalex.org/W2131772268","https://openalex.org/W2138991334","https://openalex.org/W2151716191","https://openalex.org/W2159318368","https://openalex.org/W2294332288","https://openalex.org/W2552213882","https://openalex.org/W2588630673","https://openalex.org/W2754250144","https://openalex.org/W2754586052","https://openalex.org/W2982102943","https://openalex.org/W3015502128","https://openalex.org/W3017310408","https://openalex.org/W3036619486","https://openalex.org/W3047354592","https://openalex.org/W3135487429","https://openalex.org/W3152132011","https://openalex.org/W3170184482","https://openalex.org/W4320486205"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3014521742","https://openalex.org/W2617868873","https://openalex.org/W3204141294","https://openalex.org/W4386230336","https://openalex.org/W4306968100","https://openalex.org/W2464627195","https://openalex.org/W2171986175","https://openalex.org/W2089791793","https://openalex.org/W2038858740"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Magnetic":[0],"sensors":[1,17],"are":[2,18,108],"used":[3,20],"extensively":[4],"in":[5,49,81,89,110,136,223],"applications":[6],"related":[7],"to":[8,22,91,191],"automotives,":[9],"navigation,":[10],"medical":[11],"electronics,":[12],"and":[13,36,55,65,76,102,166,177,209],"consumer":[14],"products.":[15],"Hall":[16],"commonly":[19],"due":[21],"their":[23],"compatibility":[24],"with":[25,53,213],"the":[26,43,50,82,111,115,125,129,137,144],"standard":[27],"CMOS":[28,51,116],"process":[29,52],"but":[30],"suffer":[31],"from":[32],"poor":[33],"3-D":[34,45,207],"sensitivity":[35],"consume":[37],"high":[38],"power.":[39],"Here,":[40],"we":[41],"present":[42],"first-of-its-kind":[44],"ac":[46,92],"magnetic":[47,93],"sensor":[48,59,106,133,202],"high-resolution":[54],"ultralow-power":[56],"operation.":[57],"The":[58,98,140,179,201],"is":[60,134,147,203],"comprised":[61],"of":[62,114,124,211],"three":[63,145],"orthogonal":[64],"highly":[66],"dense":[67],"metal":[68],"coils":[69,107,146],"(<italic":[70],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[71,74,78,100,104,131,185,194,215],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">X</i>,":[72],"<italic":[73,77,99,103,130],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Y</i>,":[75],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Z</i>)":[79],"implemented":[80],"65-nm":[83],"node,":[84],"which":[85,229],"generate":[86],"a":[87,150,224],"voltage":[88,142],"response":[90],"fields":[94],"by":[95,118,143,149],"electromagnetic":[96],"induction.":[97],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">X</i>":[101],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Y</i>":[105],"realized":[109,135],"vertical":[112],"plane":[113],"chip":[117],"using":[119],"interconnect":[120],"vias":[121],"as":[122],"part":[123],"coil":[126],"structure,":[127],"while":[128],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Z</i>":[132],"horizontal":[138],"plane.":[139],"induced":[141],"processed":[148],"low-noise":[151],"instrumentation":[152],"amplifier":[153,161],"(IA),":[154],"sharp":[155],"bandpass":[156],"filter":[157],"(BPF),":[158],"programmable":[159],"gain":[160],"(PGA),":[162],"differential":[163],"peak":[164],"detect":[165],"hold":[167],"circuit,":[168],"12-bit":[169],"successive":[170],"approximation":[171],"register":[172],"(SAR)":[173],"analog-to-digital":[174],"converter":[175],"(ADC),":[176],"serializer.":[178],"entire":[180],"circuitry":[181],"consumes":[182],"only":[183],"<inline-formula":[184,193],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[186,195,216],"<tex-math":[187,196,217],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$14.8~{\\mu":[188],"}$":[189],"</tex-math></inline-formula>W":[190],"yield":[192],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\mu":[197,218],"$":[198,219],"</tex-math></inline-formula>T-level":[199],"resolution.":[200],"successfully":[204],"demonstrated":[205],"for":[206],"localization":[208],"tracking":[210],"catheters":[212],"500-<inline-formula":[214],"</tex-math></inline-formula>m":[220],"mean":[221],"accuracy":[222],"surgical":[225],"operation":[226],"room":[227],"(OR),":[228],"shows":[230],"significant":[231],"potential":[232],"toward":[233],"clinical":[234],"translation.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2024-11-01T00:00:00"}