{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403022265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2024.3462093","title":"A 167- \u03bcW 71.7-dB SFDR 2.4-GHz BLE Receiver Using a Passive Quadrature Front End, a Double- Sided Double-Balanced Cascaded Mixer, and a Dual-Transformer-Coupled Class-D VCO","display_name":"A 167- \u03bcW 71.7-dB SFDR 2.4-GHz BLE Receiver Using a Passive Quadrature Front End, a Double- Sided Double-Balanced Cascaded Mixer, and a Dual-Transformer-Coupled Class-D VCO","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403022265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2024.3462093"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2024.3462093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2024.3462093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112304302","display_name":"Haijun Shao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haijun Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, China","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0108-6574","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106943352","display_name":"Rui P. Martins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2821-648X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui P. Martins","raw_affiliation_strings":["State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, China","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2821-648X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058845450","display_name":"Pui\u2010In Mak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3579-8740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pui-In Mak","raw_affiliation_strings":["State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, China","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3579-8740","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112304302"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0014,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76442809,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"12","first_page":"3980","last_page":"3992"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10099","display_name":"GaN-based semiconductor devices and materials","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spurious-free-dynamic-range","display_name":"Spurious-free dynamic range","score":0.6540613770484924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5715199708938599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rf-front-end","display_name":"RF front end","score":0.4954274892807007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature","display_name":"Quadrature (astronomy)","score":0.493843138217926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4707898497581482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/front-and-back-ends","display_name":"Front and back ends","score":0.4374949038028717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.42151322960853577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3652384281158447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.29589569568634033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24767577648162842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.16403701901435852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.07587701082229614}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119293636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657480","display_name":"Spurious-free dynamic range","level":3,"score":0.6540613770484924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5715199708938599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53071545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7276615","display_name":"RF front end","level":3,"score":0.4954274892807007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62869609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28137","display_name":"Quadrature (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.493843138217926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4707898497581482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53016008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620167","display_name":"Front and back ends","level":2,"score":0.4374949038028717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.42151322960853577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3652384281158447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.29589569568634033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24767577648162842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.16403701901435852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.07587701082229614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2024.3462093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2024.3462093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8892996368","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UM-2023-2025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315893","funder_display_name":"VNU Science and Technology Development Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315893","display_name":"VNU Science and Technology Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/044vr6g03"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971002898","https://openalex.org/W2014026836","https://openalex.org/W2028706881","https://openalex.org/W2062327827","https://openalex.org/W2066456276","https://openalex.org/W2098907338","https://openalex.org/W2117695138","https://openalex.org/W2119203614","https://openalex.org/W2126891958","https://openalex.org/W2153550537","https://openalex.org/W2159290292","https://openalex.org/W2512556043","https://openalex.org/W2517568888","https://openalex.org/W2590315573","https://openalex.org/W2592697605","https://openalex.org/W2741783989","https://openalex.org/W2791379208","https://openalex.org/W2799902197","https://openalex.org/W3015707540","https://openalex.org/W3016178010","https://openalex.org/W3181222543","https://openalex.org/W4205338326","https://openalex.org/W4294068710","https://openalex.org/W4313195016","https://openalex.org/W4366957386","https://openalex.org/W4392776480","https://openalex.org/W6660918925","https://openalex.org/W6696820200"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2237403461","https://openalex.org/W3163612934","https://openalex.org/W2146917291","https://openalex.org/W2792831994","https://openalex.org/W2021223960","https://openalex.org/W2367482545","https://openalex.org/W2284868109","https://openalex.org/W2012201106","https://openalex.org/W1512452897","https://openalex.org/W2231689749"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"reports":[2],"a":[3,10,25,33,60,85,92,110,126,133,151,174,178,183,198,210],"2.4-GHz":[4,61],"Bluetooth":[5],"low-energy":[6],"(BLE)":[7],"receiver":[8,149],"with":[9,32],"number":[11],"of":[12,103,155,202,212,215,223],"passive-intensive":[13],"RF":[14,49,53],"functions":[15],"to":[16,96,116,137,173,209],"improve":[17],"power":[18,101,221],"efficiency":[19],"and":[20,47,77,100,165,182],"blocker":[21],"resilience.":[22],"It":[23],"features":[24],"passive":[26,94],"quadrature":[27],"front":[28],"end":[29],"(QFE)":[30],"built":[31],"hybrid":[34,128],"coupler":[35],"plus":[36],"two":[37],"step-up":[38],"transformers.":[39],"They":[40],"passively":[41],"provide":[42],"input-impedance":[43],"matching,":[44],"voltage":[45],"gain,":[46],"single-ended-to-differential-I/Q":[48],"generation.":[50],"The":[51,80,122,158,195,219],"four-phase":[52],"outputs":[54],"simplify":[55],"the":[56,74,98,104,118,139,147,166,224,227],"LO":[57,78],"generator":[58],"into":[59],"class-D":[62],"voltage-controlled":[63],"oscillator":[64],"(VCO)":[65],"that":[66,131],"has":[67],"an":[68],"intrinsically":[69],"boosted":[70],"output":[71],"swing,":[72],"averting":[73],"power-hungry":[75],"divider-by-2":[76],"buffers.":[79],"frequency":[81],"down-conversion":[82],"based":[83],"on":[84],"double-sided":[86],"double-balanced":[87],"(DSDB)":[88],"cascaded":[89],"mixer":[90],"offers":[91],"high":[93,111],"gain":[95,154],"reduce":[97],"noise":[99,159,200],"consumption":[102,222],"baseband":[105],"(BB)":[106],"circuitry":[107,124],"while":[108],"securing":[109],"spurious-free":[112],"dynamic":[113],"range":[114],"(SFDR)":[115],"tolerate":[117],"out-of-band":[119],"(OOB)":[120],"blockers.":[121],"BB":[123],"is":[125,162,168,229],"power-efficient":[127],"low-IF":[129],"filter":[130],"employs":[132],"2nd-order":[134],"active-feedback":[135],"notching":[136],"enhance":[138],"1st-adjacent":[140],"channel":[141,181],"rejection.":[142],"Fabricated":[143],"in":[144],"28-nm":[145],"CMOS,":[146],"BLE":[148,180],"exhibits":[150,197],"maximum":[152],"RF-to-IF":[153],"71":[156],"dB.":[157],"figure":[160,211],"(NF)":[161],"8.5":[163],"dB":[164],"OOB-IIP3":[167],"20.1":[169],"dBm;":[170],"they":[171],"correspond":[172],"71.7-dB":[175],"SFDR":[176],"for":[177],"2-MHz":[179],"10-dB":[184],"minimum":[185],"signal-to-noise":[186],"ratio":[187],"(SNR<inline-formula":[188],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[189,231],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[190,232],"<tex-math":[191,233],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$_{\\min":[192],"}$":[193,235],"</tex-math></inline-formula>).":[194],"VCO":[196],"phase":[199],"(PN)":[201],"\u2212110/\u2212119.1/\u2212131":[203],"dBc/Hz":[204],"at":[205],"1-/2.5-/10-MHz":[206],"offset,":[207],"corresponding":[208],"merit":[213],"(FOM)":[214],"188/189/189.1":[216],"dBc/Hz,":[217],"respectively.":[218],"total":[220],"receiver,":[225],"including":[226],"VCO,":[228],"<inline-formula":[230],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$167~{\\mu":[234],"</tex-math></inline-formula>W.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2024-10-02T00:00:00"}