{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402811198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2024.3457898","title":"A 818\u20134094 TOPS/W Capacitor-Reconfigured Analog CIM for Unified Acceleration of CNNs and Transformers","display_name":"A 818\u20134094 TOPS/W Capacitor-Reconfigured Analog CIM for Unified Acceleration of CNNs and Transformers","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402811198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2024.3457898"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2024.3457898","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2024.3457898","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055467060","display_name":"Kentaro Yoshioka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5640-2250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kentaro Yoshioka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055467060"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7565,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94077734,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"5","first_page":"1844","last_page":"1855"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.7853000164031982,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.7853000164031982,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tops","display_name":"TOPS","score":0.8958354592323303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.6627154350280762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.5192410945892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44171345233917236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.44051793217658997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.30920517444610596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.13513866066932678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.10973027348518372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777675136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835642","display_name":"TOPS","level":3,"score":0.8958354592323303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.6627154350280762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.5192410945892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44171345233917236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.44051793217658997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30920517444610596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.13513866066932678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10973027348518372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154815118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q453762","display_name":"Spinning","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2024.3457898","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2024.3457898","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4653877330","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPMJCR21D2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338075","funder_display_name":"Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309996","display_name":"Asahi Glass Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02nnhbq91"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325763","display_name":"Telecommunications Advancement Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05y77zf79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338075","display_name":"Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980767874","https://openalex.org/W2124838096","https://openalex.org/W2142037882","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2591601611","https://openalex.org/W2894696827","https://openalex.org/W2899641901","https://openalex.org/W2920326572","https://openalex.org/W2963159071","https://openalex.org/W3015432327","https://openalex.org/W3034457371","https://openalex.org/W3042080800","https://openalex.org/W3097777922","https://openalex.org/W3120016950","https://openalex.org/W3134526034","https://openalex.org/W3135835558","https://openalex.org/W3184281067","https://openalex.org/W3209727681","https://openalex.org/W4220958508","https://openalex.org/W4312847929","https://openalex.org/W4313467202","https://openalex.org/W4313887270","https://openalex.org/W4316658640","https://openalex.org/W4360605756","https://openalex.org/W4385192564","https://openalex.org/W4386108348","https://openalex.org/W4389799305","https://openalex.org/W4392745569","https://openalex.org/W4392746193","https://openalex.org/W4393168994","https://openalex.org/W6787435017","https://openalex.org/W6847276376"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2811109569","https://openalex.org/W2385933648","https://openalex.org/W2381557761","https://openalex.org/W4231398535","https://openalex.org/W4245680303","https://openalex.org/W1996292569","https://openalex.org/W4210522299","https://openalex.org/W2365799114","https://openalex.org/W2864363823"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"rapid":[1],"evolution":[2],"of":[3,11,116,151,229],"machine":[4],"learning":[5],"has":[6],"led":[7],"to":[8,37,46,50,107,127,134,196,233],"the":[9,52,63,90,95,98,112,121,124,136,142,152,192,222,245],"emergence":[10],"diverse":[12],"neural":[13],"network":[14],"architectures,":[15],"such":[16],"as":[17],"CNNs,":[18],"Transformers,":[19,30,57],"and":[20,48,85,103,130,166,177,203,211,216,225],"their":[21,59],"hybrid":[22],"models,":[23],"each":[24],"with":[25],"unique":[26],"computational":[27],"precision":[28,35,54,144],"requirements.":[29],"in":[31,61,221,244],"particular,":[32],"demand":[33],"higher":[34,143],"compared":[36],"CNNs.":[38,117,204],"Existing":[39],"analog":[40],"compute-in-memory":[41],"(ACIM)":[42],"solutions":[43],"primarily":[44],"cater":[45],"CNNs":[47],"struggle":[49],"achieve":[51],"high":[53],"necessary":[55],"for":[56,120,174,184,200],"despite":[58],"promise":[60],"addressing":[62],"memory":[64],"bottleneck.":[65],"To":[66],"bridge":[67],"this":[68],"gap,":[69],"we":[70],"propose":[71],"a":[72,131,162,170,179,226],"capacitor-reconfigured":[73],"CIM":[74],"(CR-CIM)":[75],"macro":[76],"that":[77],"introduces":[78],"dual-mode":[79,149],"operation,":[80],"dynamically":[81],"switching":[82],"between":[83],"high-precision":[84],"high-efficiency":[86],"modes":[87],"based":[88],"on":[89],"active":[91],"DNN":[92],"layer.":[93],"In":[94,118],"CNN":[96,246],"mode,":[97,123],"CR-CIM":[99,125,154,164,189,205],"employs":[100],"bit-parallel":[101,175],"computation":[102,129],"an":[104],"8-bit":[105,217],"ADC":[106,133],"maximize":[108],"power":[109],"efficiency,":[110],"exploiting":[111],"inherent":[113],"error":[114],"tolerance":[115],"contrast,":[119],"Transformer":[122,186,223],"switches":[126],"bit-serial":[128,219],"10-bit":[132],"boost":[135],"compute":[137],"signal-to-noise":[138],"ratio":[139,209],"(CSNR),":[140],"ensuring":[141],"required":[145],"by":[146,157],"Transformers.":[147],"This":[148],"functionality":[150],"proposed":[153],"is":[155,191],"enabled":[156],"three":[158],"key":[159],"technologies:":[160],"1)":[161],"novel":[163],"architecture":[165],"cell":[167],"structure;":[168],"2)":[169],"resource-efficient":[171],"multi-bit":[172],"driver":[173],"computation;":[176],"3)":[178],"software-analog":[180],"co-design":[181],"(SAC)":[182],"strategy":[183],"enhanced":[185],"computation.":[187],"Our":[188],"prototype":[190],"first":[193],"ACIM":[194],"design":[195],"enable":[197],"optimized":[198],"operation":[199],"both":[201],"Transformers":[202],"achieves":[206],"45-dB":[207],"signal-to-quantization-noise":[208],"(SQNR)":[210],"31-dB":[212],"CSNR":[213],"(8-bit":[214],"input":[215],"weight":[218],"MAC)":[220,243],"mode":[224],"peak-power":[227],"efficiency":[228],"4094":[230],"TOPS/W":[231],"(normalized":[232],"1-bit":[234],"<inline-formula":[235],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[236],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[237],"<tex-math":[238],"notation=\"LaTeX\">${\\times":[239],"}":[240],"1$":[241],"</tex-math></inline-formula>-bit":[242],"mode.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
